地下工程建设安全面临的挑战跟对策文档.pdf

31 10 Vol.31 No.10 2012 10 Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering Oct.2012   ( 210007) TU 91                  A       2012 CHALLENGES FACED BY UNDERGROUND PROJECTS CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND COUNTERMEASURES QIAN Qihu (Engineering Institute of Engineers Corps PLA University of Science and Technology Nanjing Jiangsu210007China) Abstract The status quo of safety management in Chinas underground projects construction was introduced. Based on the accidents statistics the serious security situation of underground projects construction was certificated. The analysis of types and causes for accidents indicated that the responsibility and subjective reasons are the great challenges for security management. Combining with Hains safety pyramid theoryHeinrichs safety rules and Johnsons changes-errors modelthe concept that accidents can be prevented by risk management measures was established and some suggestions for accidents prevention were put forward. Besidesthe mechanism and control measures for two typical geological hazardsi. e. water and mud outbursts and rockburst were represented. For the study of water and mud outburststhe laws of occurrence and developmentthe precursory information theory the geological prediction methods and other incident countermeasures were introduced. For the control measures of rockburstthe definition and classification of rockburststhe prevention mechanismtheoretical basis and engineering practice for monitoring and predictionas well as the construction measureswere introduced. Some opinions and s