高级管理学协调机制的频谱内容资料.ppt

* 高级管理学 西安交大 万迪昉 * 美国通信频道配置的历程 (P76-91, reference from Milgrom’s lecture note,2005) 涉及相关比较的听证会（Comparative hearings） 公共利益的评估/public interest assessment 移动电话应用商的抵制/overwhelmed by cellular telephone applications 抽签或抓阄式分配（Lotteries ，Reagan era） 政治的妥协/political compromise 非正当敛财与行政梦魇/“unjust enrichment” and administrative nightmares 拍卖（Auctions ，Clinton era） 市场决定分配/market determined “assignments” 配置的规制/regulation of “allocation” (uses) * 高级管理学 西安交大 万迪昉 * 美国最大的通信频道拍卖案例 * 高级管理学 西安交大 万迪昉 * 英国二氧化碳排放权拍卖 温室气体排放交易方案拍卖/Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Scheme AuctionUnited KingdomMarch 11-12, 2002 38 bidders 34 winners 减少四百万公吨的CO2排放/4 million metric tons of CO2 emission reductions * 高级管理学 西安交大 万迪昉 * 更多拍卖机制 动态拍卖/Dynamic Auctions 荷兰降序拍卖/Dutch descending auctions 英国升序拍卖/English ascending auctions 计时与公开喊价拍卖/Clock vs open outcry auctions 静态拍卖/Static auctions 密封投标/Sealed tenders 第二价拍卖/Second price auctions 打包拍卖/“Package” auctions * 高级管理学 西安交大 万迪昉 * 博弈与机制的对比 In normal form, a game is a triple ?=(N,S,?) consisting of A set of players A strategy set for each player A payoff function mapping strategy profiles to payoff vectors. In normal form, a mechanism is a triple ?=(N,S,?) consisting of A set of players A strategy set for each player An outcome function mapping strategy profiles to outcomes Mechanism design theory: Payoffs are jointly determined by outcomes and preferences In principle, mechanisms can be designed. * 高级管理学 西安交大 万迪昉 * “机制定义” 博弈详尽规则的完整数学描述/Extensive form: A complete mathematical description of all the detailed rules of the game, specifying: Who are the players and A (finite) labeled game tree describing: An initial node, where the game begins Which player moves at each node in the tree What moves are available (specified by arcs) Information sets to describe what the mover knows about preceding events An outcome for each “terminal node” of the game tree …but not payoffs for each outcome! Strategy: a complete specification of what the player does at every informatio