环氧乙烷的制备工艺.doc

PAGE II 摘 要 环氧乙烷是乙烯工业衍生物中仅次于聚乙烯和聚氯乙烯的重要有机化工产品，产品每年的全球产量超过1.1千万吨。全球约60 %的环氧乙烷转化成生产聚酯纤维、树脂和防冻剂用的单体乙二醇(涤纶纤维原料)，约有13 %的环氧乙烷用于生产其他多元醇，例如二乙二醇、三乙二醇和多乙二醇。环氧乙烷的第二大用途是生产用于洗涤剂工业的乙氧基化物。其他环氧乙烷衍生物有乙醇胺、溶剂和乙二醇醚等。在合成洗涤剂、消毒剂、谷物熏蒸剂、抗冻剂、乳化剂以及生产增塑剂润滑剂橡胶和塑料等行业有极其广泛的应用。另外，环氧乙烷还可用于生产药物消毒剂等。 由于环氧乙烷的广泛使用，各国的生产厂商都在不断改进生产工艺，在得到更高的产量和质量的同时，对生产过程中的安全隐患，及尾气处理等方面的问题进行相应的技术改进。 本文介绍了用乙烯制环氧乙烷的化工装置设计要点，相关工艺系统设计所必须遵循的规范，规定和材料选择原则。从环氧乙烷的用途与性质开始，对生产技术进展与市场分析、催化剂的选择对环氧乙烷生产装置经济效益的影响、环氧乙烷生产装置的安全分析与评价等问题作了具体深入的探讨。在此基础上完成了环氧乙烷装置的工艺计算和反应器、吸收塔、换热器等设备的选型。进而完成带控制点的工艺流程图和设备图的绘制。同时，对工艺条件的改进方法、合成反应器温度-时间优化策略、乙烯氧化制环氧乙烷反应器操作参数的优化等问题做了讨论。 关键词:乙烯；环氧乙烷；生产装置 Abstract Ethylene oxide derivatives Ethylene Industry is second only to polyethylene and PVC important organic chemical products, Products annual global production of more than 1.1 million tons. About 60% of the worlds ethylene oxide into the production of polyester fiber, resins and monomers used in antifreeze glycol (PET raw materials), About 13% of ethylene oxide used in the production of other polyols, such as diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and ethylene glycol more. Oxirane the second largest use in the production of industrial detergent for the ethoxylated compounds. Other ethylene oxide derivatives are triethanolamine, solvents and glycol ether. The synthetic detergent, disinfectant, grain fumigants, antifreeze, emulsifier and the production of plasticizer lubricant such as rubber and plastics industry is a very wide range of applications. In addition, ethylene oxide can be used to produce drugs and disinfectants. Because ethylene oxide are used widely, the national manufacturers are constantly improving the production process, in a higher yield and quality, the production process of potential safety problems, and exhaust gas handling problems of the corresponding technical improvements. This paper describes the system ethylene ethylene chemical plant design features, related system design process to be followed in the norm regulations and the pri