GMC2550u桥式加工中心样机综合精度测评研究.docx

DOI 10.3901/JME.2014.01.137 GMC2550u 桥式加工中心样机综合精度测评研究* 仇 健 (沈阳机床(集团)有限责任公司高档数控机床国家重点实验室 沈阳 110142) 摘要：数控机床的精度、切削能力、稳定性是机床用户关注的三个主要指标，研究机床样机的综合精度对于掌握机床现有性 能，并相应改进和提升具有重要意义。依据国内外标准，建立包含检测项目和评价指标的桥式数控加工中心精度评价体系。 应用试验测试方法对首台套机床样机进行精度检测，重点关注机床的静态、动态和工作精度。测试位置精度、最小设定单位 误差、圆运动精度、主轴动态回转精度、进给轴动态响应性能，以及典型验收零件的切削精度等。同时，关注机床主轴径向 振动、静刚度以及热态性能等动态性能对机床精度的影响，并分别开展三种三轴联动和五轴联动零件的工作精度检验。研究 发现，机床静态精度指标满足设计要求，而加速度和主轴热态精度等指标与设计指标存在差距，并会对机床的最终工作精度 产生影响。综合各项精度指标的测试结果，获得机床的实际精度表现和分布规律，可以对样机在各项精度指标上所反映出的 精度问题进行评价，为有针对性地进行机床后期优化改进给出方向。 关键词：位置精度；圆误差；热误差；动态性能；工作精度 中图分类号：TG506；TG543 Study on Testing and Evaluation of Comprehensive Accuracy of GMC2550u Prototype Bridge-type Machining Centre QIU Jian (State Key Laboratory of High Grade NC Machine Tools, Shenyang Machine Tool (Group) Co., Ltd., Shenyang 110142) Abstract：The performances on accuracy, cutting ability and machining stability of NC machine tools are the three main indicators which user concerned. It is of great importance research on the integrated accuracy for the existing performance of machine tool, improving the prototype machine’s performance. According to domestic and foreign standard, an evaluation system of testing item and evaluation indexes for bridge-type CNC machine tool is established. An accuracy testing for prototype of machining centre is carried on by experimental testing method, especially for static accuracy, dynamic accuracy and working accuracy. A series testing such as positional accuracy of machining centre, minimum setting unit error, circular error, dynamic spindle rotation accuracy, dynamic response performance of feed axis, as well as machining accuracy of three types typical acceptance test parts are promoted. Meanwhile, it is focus on the dynamic performance of machining centre such as spindle radial vibration, static stiffness and thermal performance. It is found that the static accuracy meet the requirements while the disparities on machine’s acceleration and thermal accuracy somehow exist