毕业设计,外文翻译,起重机.doc

二 ○ 一 三 届毕业设计 外文翻译 学 院： 工程机械学院 专 业： 机械设计制造及其自动化 姓 名： 赵国超 学 号： 2504090516 指导教师： 陈新轩 完成时间： 2013 年 3 月 27 日 Type of Cranes 起重机的类型 Cranes can be classified into four kinds, namely, (a) overhead traveling crane; (b) jib crane; (c) bridge or gantry crane; and (d) cantilever crane. 起重机可分为四类：高架移动起重机、动臂起重机、桥式或门式起重机、悬臂吊车。 Overhead traveling crane. Consists of a girder and a trolley. The girder is supported at each end on trucks capable of traveling on elevated fixed tracks. The trolley is equipped with hoisting and other mechanism, capable of traversing from end to end of such girder. The girder and associated end carriages are known as the bridge. 高架移动起重机由横梁和空中吊运装置组成。横梁靠固定道轨支承，并且可以在轨上来回移动。空中吊运装置由提升装置和其他装置组成，可以从横梁的一端运动到另一端。横梁和与之相连的框架统称为桥。 Such cranes vary in lifting capacity from about 2 tons to 400 tons, and in span from 20 ft to 150 ft,or more. Depending on the purpose for which it is to be used, the crane can be operated either from a cabin fixed to the bridge or the trolley, or from the ground. When two trolleys are furnished, these may run on a common tracks arranged side-by-side or one above the other so that each trolley can traverse the entire span. 这些的起重机囊括了起重量从2吨到400吨，跨度从20英尺到150英尺的各种类型。根据目的不同,在机舱工作的起重机常在桥或空中吊运装置进行控制,其他情况控制装置常在地面。当两个空中吊运装置安装完毕，他们就能在同一道轨上并行或上下交错的并行，以确保每个空中吊运装置都能在整个横梁上移动。 Jib crane 动臂起重机 Consists of an inclined member, or jib, capable of suspending a load at its outer end. The jib is supported by a rope or other member attached to a vertical mast of frame. The out reach of the jib can be constant or variable, and the crane as a whole may be either fixed or movable. 动臂起重机有能在它的外侧提升重物的倾斜动臂。动臂通过绳索或其他方式连接到垂直的框架上。动臂可以是定长或者可伸缩的。起重机可以是固定式或移动式。 Included in this kind are: mobile and caterpillar cranes, builders tower cranes, wharf cranes, and movable cranes mounted on high pedestals, gantries, pontoons and barges. 这一类的起重机包括：移动和履带起重机,建筑商,码头起重机、塔式起重机和可移动的安装在高台子,井架,浮筒和驳船上的起重