保险费率厘定.ppt

Ratemaking 保险费率厘定 Steve D’Arcy 史蒂夫·达尔希 Chairman of the Board of the Casualty Actuarial Society 财险精算协会董事会主席 Professor of Finance at the University of Illinois 伊利诺伊大学金融学教授 Presented at Nankai University 南开大学 June 29, 2006 Overview 提纲 Objectives in Ratemaking保险费率厘定的目标 Terminology 术语 Ratemaking Methods 保险费率厘定方法 Advanced Issues 高级问题讨论 Sources for Additional Information 补充信息资源 Ratemaking Objectives for Companies公司保险费率厘定的目标 Rates should be: 费率应该： Stable 稳定 Responsive 合理 Promote loss control 促进防损 Cover contingencies 包括意外损失 Understandable 被理解、接受 Other Ratemaking Objectives其它保险费率厘定目标 Regulatory view (in United States) 从法规角度看（美国） Rates must be: 费率必须 Adequate 充足 Not excessive 不过高 Not unfairly discriminatory 不能不公平的加以区别 Financial market view从金融市场角度看 Competitive markets will assure appropriate rates 竞争的市场将会保证恰当的费率 Terminology – 1 术语 Exposure unit = basic rating unit 保险金额单位=基本费率单位 Example: car year Written exposures 投保的保险金额 Exposures on policies written during period 在保险合同期内的被保金额 Earned exposures 以获保的保险金额 Exposure units actually exposed to loss during period 在保险合同期内实际已经承担损失的保险金额 Example A policy covering 2 cars is written on October 1, 2006 一份保险单投保2辆汽车 Written exposure for 2006 = 2 car years Earned exposure for 2006 = 2 x ? of a year = ? car years Terminology - 2 Written premium 保险费 Premiums booked 以入账的保险费 Earned premium 满期保险费 Pro-rata portion of premiums exposed to loss 按实际承担损失比例均摊的保险费 Claim frequency 索赔频率 Number of claims per exposure unit 每保险金额单位索赔的数量 Severity 索赔额度 Average loss per claim 每次索赔的平均赔付额 Pure premium 纯保险费 Claim frequency x severity 索赔频率乘以索赔额度 Terminology - 3 Loss ratio: 损失率 Incurred losses plus loss adjustment expenses Earned premium （发生的损失 + 损失调整费用）/ 满期保险费 Expense ratio: 费用比率 （费用 / 总保险费） Expenses Written premium Surplus: 盈余 Assets – Liabilities 资产 – 负债 Terminology - 4 Combined ratio 联合损失率 Loss ratio + Expense ratio 损失率 + 费用比率 Underwriting profit margin (UPM) 承保利率 1 –