初中英语动词不定式课件3.ppt

* 动词不定式 信毅中学　张希成 动词不定式 动词不定式在句子中用法灵活，作用很大，是中考中重要的考查项目之一，大家一定要学好吆！ 肯定式：to + 动词原形 否定式：not to + 动词原形 (to是不定式符号，无意义，有时可以不带) (一) 动词不定式的基本形式 词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语）；动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保持动词的某些特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语，动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。 （二）动词不定式的特征 　 On the way to school on the way to see a film I want to borrow a dictionary. Turn to Page32. Could I speak to Mr. Smith, please? They began to read and write. He is used to getting up early. Help yourself to some fish . She asked me to speak a little louder. She found him to be a very good pupil. If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, … 你知道 是不定式还是介词? to 不定式之前的to与介词to不同。介词to之后要跟名词、代词或相当于名词的短语作宾语；而不定式to之后必须跟动词原形。 介 词to: to+名词/代词/动名词 不定式to: to+动词原形 （三）动词不定式的用法 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 1、不定式作主语 To see is to believe. To know something about English is one thing; to know English is quite another. It’s important to learn English well. 口语中，常用作形式主语，而把真正的主语动词不定式（或短语）后置。 常用句型 It take sb. some time to do sth. e.g. It took me two hours to write the letter. It is + adj. + ( for/of sb. )+ to do sth. 如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，则在不定式前加一个for引起的短语，即不定式的逻辑主语。 e.g. It’s not hard for one to do a bit of good. 在以某些表示人的品质、特征等的形容词（如kind、good、nice、wrong、clever、right等）作表语时，不定式之前常加一个引起的短语，说明不定式指的是谁的情况。 e.g. It’s kind of you to help me. It’s not polite of him to speak to old people like that. 2、不定式作表语 It seems to be an interesting book. Her dream is to be a policeman. 3、不定式作宾语 能跟不定式作宾语的动词（及物）很多，常见的有want, like, wish, hate, hope, prefer, try, ask, start, begin, decide, learn, choose, agree, expect, remember, 等。 Vt.(及物动词）+ to do sth. He wanted to borrow my CD player. His brother is learning to drive. I hope to speak English well. 动词不定式作宾语其后又有补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，而把不定式后置。 I fond it difficult to learn physics. 　 4、不定式作宾语补足语 动词不定式位于及物动词的宾语后，补