外刊经贸知识选读,每课重要知识点,串讲,课文翻译第1课中国的对外贸易.doc

第1课 中国的对外贸易 China in the Market Place 市场经济中的中国 一、（Excerpts）（摘录） Barry Coulthurst examines the development of China’s trade policy and the present state of the overseas links 巴里 库尔塞斯特对中国贸易政策的演变和当前与海外经济往来状况的研究 The pattern of China’s foreign trade has changed substantially since the founding of the People’s Republic.During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country’s industrialisation programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.The Great Leap Forward of 1958-1959 initially produced gains in agricultural and industrial production, but subsequently resulted in serious economic imbalances.Economic problems were exacerbated by three bad harvests (1959-1961) with the result that national income and the volume of foreign trade contracted during 1960-1962. 自从中华人民共和国成立以来，中国对外贸易的模式发生了巨大的变化。20世纪50年代，中国向苏联和东欧国家出口农产品换取制造品和资本设备，用于侧重于重工业发展所必须的工业化项目。1958~1959年的“大跃进”最初在工农业生产上带来收益，但随后又导致了严重的经济平衡。三年自然灾害(1959-1961)加剧了经济问题，造成1960-1962年间的国民收入和对外贸易额的减少。 The withdrawal of Soviet economic and technical aid in the early-1960s caused trade to shift away from the USSR and its Comecon partners towards Japan and Western Europe.A consistent theme of China’s foreign trade policies has been the strong emphasis which has been placed on developing trade relations with the Third World countries. 20世纪60年代，苏联经济和技术援助撤走，导致了中国与苏联及经互会成员国的贸易转向于日本和西欧国家的贸易。中国对外贸易政策的一贯宗旨是重视与第三世界国家发展贸易关系。 The growth of foreign trade was disrupted again during the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) when agricultural and industrial production fell sharply and transportation constraints限制 became more serious. “文化大革命”期间（1966-1976）工农业生产一落千丈，交通运输限制更加严重，中国对外贸易的增长再次中断。 Foreign trade, which has a major role in the Four Modernizations programme, has grown rapidly over the past few years.A major trade agreement with Japan, under which China exports coal and oil in return for industrial equipme