Diagramming Arguments课件.ppt

精品文档 Diagramming Arguments Congruent and Linked Arguments 精品文档 An Argument An argument = a set of statements connected by a special relationship of justification; the statements provide evidence for the main claim 精品文档 Independent Premises Falsity of one doesn’t cancel support the other provides.- independent proof. You shouldn’t buy a T.V. that costs over $300. This costs $450. It is also too big for your room. Don’t buy this T.V. 精品文档 Dependent Premises Falsity of one can cancel support for others-interconnected. These premises cannot stand alone to provide proof. 精品文档 Example of Dependent No floor with 2x4 joists on two foot centers is strong enough. This floor has 2x4 joists on two foot centers. So, this floor is not strong enough. 精品文档 Convergent Arguments In convergent arguments, the premises provide different and independent reasons for the claim. Each can support the claim by itself. 精品文档 Example-Convergent Nuclear power plants should not be built, because they are dangerous. And, the power from these plants is not essential. Finally, these plants are not fair to future generations. 精品文档 Linked Arguments Linked argument- one in which the reasons are dependent on one another for their strength. They cannot stand alone. 精品文档 Linked Argument There is reason to think the suspect is linked to this crime. The shots were fired from a jaguar; jaguars are not usual to this area; and the suspect owns a white jaguar. 精品文档 Argument Diagramming Identify each claim and number them. Provide missing parts if needed. Determine relation of claims and diagram. 精品文档 Persuade or Argue? Arguments seek to prove a point; to establish truth of a claim on basis of other claims. Persuasion seeks to win others to a point of view- may or may not have proof. 精品文档 Is this an argument? “The desperate attempt by Hawks to link Iraq to the war on terrorism is based on blatant mis-information. Is there evidence? 精品文档 Enthymemes-assumptions There can be implied or missing parts of an ar