Culture in Development课件.ppt

Packaged Memory/Money 精品文档 Cultural History: Memory Money,  The word money, comes from Moneta, a name by which the Roman queen of the gods, Juno, was known... Moneta was a translation of the Greek Mnemosyne, the goddess of memory and mother of the Muses, each of whom presided over one of the nine arts and sciences. Moneta in turn was clearly derived from the Latin verb moneo, whose first meaning is to remind, put in mind of, bring to ones recollection... . (Hart, p. 256-57) 精品文档 Memory/Money? Writing 精品文档 Written Speech As Tool Clearly operates as both psychological and technical tool. Status as psychological tool highly debated. A) Provides tool for analysis of language which in turn changes in thought in general B) Provides tool for analysis of language which changes thought in context specific ways C) Resolution: generality of tools depends on generality of its use: there is no such thing as a context-free tool. Associated with new developmental niche: Schools 精品文档 Before the Beginning: Ontogeny Although we traditionally mark the start of development with the moment of conception, cultural contributions start earlier. Even before conception because it places constraints on who can mate with whom, thereby biasing the potential genetic makeup of the individual as well as the environment within which the new organism will develop 精品文档 The Prenatal Period Many cultural influences are mediated through the biological system of the mother nutrition: dietary restrictions in some groups increase chances of low birth weight, protein deficiency needed for normal brain development. A large variety of chemical agents, ranging from tobacco and drugs to environmental pollutant influence later physical, cognitive, and social development Stress causes chemical changes in the mother which can adversely affect the child 精品文档 The Prenatal Period (continued) At least the “tune” of one’s native language is learned in the last several weeks of gestation: a more or less direct e