厦门大学化学化工学院-有机化学.ppt

主要参考书 邢其毅、徐瑞秋、周 政、裴伟伟,《基础有机化学》第二版，上下册，高等教育出版社，1993，北京。 胡宏纹 主编，《有机化学》第二版，上下册，高等教育出版社，1990，北京。 主要参考书 T.W.Graham Solomons; Craig B. Fryhle , “ Organic Chemistry ”, 7th ed. 主要参考书 Andrew Streitwieser Jr., Clayton H. Hesthcock; “ Introduction To Organic Chemistry ”; Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc.,1976; 4th ed.,1992. J. March, “ Advanced Organic Chemistry ”, 4th ed., John Wiley Sons Ltd?, 1998. 主页 5/teach/yjhx/index.html 第一章 绪 论 Introduction 1.1 有机化学的产生和发展 The Development Of Organic Chemistry As A Science 1.1.1 有机化合物和有机化学的含义 What is organic chemistry ? The answers are all around you ! Every living organism is made of organic chemicals. The proteins that make up your hair, skin, and muscles; the DNA that controls our genetic heritage; the food we eat; the clothes we wear; and the medicines we take are all organic chemicals. Many of the materials that go into the houses that shelter us are organic.the gasoline that propels our automobiles, the rubber of their tires, and the plastic of their interiors are all organic. Organic chemicals are also factors in some of our most serious problems. Many of the organic chemicals introduced into the environment have had consequences far beyond those originally intended. Inasmuch as this is an age of organic chemistry, it is also an age where our working philosophy is reduce, reuse, and recycle. Organic compounds play a big part in this effort. Clearly, organic chemistry is associated with nearly every aspect of our existence. We would be wise to understand it as best we can. 有机化合物 Organic compounds Organic compounds are the compounds of carbon. 有机化合物就是碳的化合物。 组成有机化合物的元素很简单 ,常见的有C，H，N，O，S，P，X 有机化合物和无机化合物之间并没有一个严格的界限 。 习惯上仍把碳本身和一些简单的碳化合物看作是无机化合物。 有机化学 Organic chemistry 是一门研究有机化合物的结构和性质的科学。 有机化合物的特性The characteristics of organic compounds 分子组成复杂 容易燃烧 熔点低，一般在400℃以下 难溶于水 反应速率比较慢 ，副反应较多 1.1.2 有机化学的产生和发展 十九世纪初产生，至今约200年的时间。 1777年，瑞典化学家Bergman将化合物分为“无机”(inorganic compounds)和“有机”(organic compounds)两大类 。 1808年瑞