课件：某些风湿性疾病的免疫问题.ppt

最后,软骨的侵蚀也有助于在RA的连带损害。开发的软骨被侵蚀的也多。软骨表面改性的酶消化、免疫复合物沉积,沉积细胞外基质的碎片像纤维素。这个改变软骨表面可能有助于促进24扩展和侵蚀的细胞表面。此外,像il炎性因子直接作用于软骨细胞促进消化软骨的矩阵。 总结一下,风湿性关节炎的发病机制是双向的。免疫系统激活滑膜组织,促进关节损伤。滑膜组织的,反过来,刺激免疫系统,帮助延续炎症。这个循环的炎症反应是由多个chemokine和细胞因子网络,包括诱导和il - 6。 现在一个简短的单词在RA遗传学。目前,识别风险等位基因只能解释10 - 20%的已知遗传风险的作用,其中许多等位基因被认为还没有理解。最强的风险等位基因是“共享裂”。共享epitode是守恒的序列发现,在某些HLA-DR beta的等位基因,在这里列出的一些示例。HLA-DR是MHC分子参与抗原提交给T细胞和最密切相关的anti-CCP抗体的存在。最后,尽管一些风险等位基因是一个唯一指定的疾病,许多人也之间之间共享自身免疫性疾病——的例子在黑色显示风险等位基因之间共享的RA和狼疮,作为一个例子。 总的说来,我们做了一个快速浏览的免疫学,回顾了差异的天然免疫与适应性免疫系统、定义模式识别受体在先天免疫系统,并讨论宽容和内存适应性免疫系统。 我们复习三风湿性疾病。 我们讨论了inflammasome激活il在痛风。 我们回顾了免疫耐受的损失,我inteferon类型签名,以及缺陷在细胞碎片的间隙在狼疮。 然后,我们讨论了如何synovium和免疫系统激活对方造成RA然后作用在RA的细胞因子网络。 We are going to do a final review of these concepts by through four sample exam question Macrophages and neutrophils are phagocytic cells of the innate immune system. They are activated by recognizing patterns common to groups of organisms using pattern recognition receptors. The other three answers describe the adaptive immune system, which is an evolutionarily newer branch of the immune system found only in vertebrates. It is responsible for generating lasting immunity to infections, and takes several days to fully develop. The inflammasome is made up of the NALP-3 pattern recognition receptor, which generates IL-1. Mutations in NALP-3 are involved in the pathogenesis of the cyropyrin associated periodic fever syndromes, which includes Muckle-Wells syndrome. In contrast, both Blau syndrome and Crohn’s disease are strongly assoicated with NOD2 mutations. Risk associations for psoriasis and SLE with pattern recognition receptors is less well-established, but may be associated with risk alleles in NALP1 Activation of pathways associated with type I interferon (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) signaling have been seen in about 50% of lupus patients. This has helped support the model in which endocytic TLRs in plasmacytoid dendritic cells, the major producers of IFN-alpha, are stimulated by self n