新目标初一英语上册基础语法.doc

新目标初一英语上册基础语法 （一）be动词。 1、be动词包括am, are, is。 2、be动词的用法。 am → 主语是单数第一人称（即I）。e.g. I am… be??? are →? 单数第二人称及所有复数。e.g. You are…??? The coats are… is →? 单数第三人称及不可数名词。 e.g. Your father is…???? The money is… 3、否定句式（即改否定句）：在be动词之后+not, 句子其它部位不变。 ?e.g. He is not a teacher. 4、缩写形式。 ①主语+be，缩写be第一个字母为 ’，再与主语合并。 e.g.? you are → you’re? Jack is → Jack’s ② be+not否定形式的缩写，缩写not中“o”为 ’, 再与be合并。 e.g.? is not→isn’t? are not→aren’t ③不能缩写的情况：this is, these are, those are, am not及缩略的肯定回答。 e.g. Yes, I am. (I’m 误) ?5、含be动词句子的疑问句型转换。 ①一般疑问句：将be动词提前，其它照抄不变，最后+？，读升调。（一般第一人称改为第二人称） e.g.? The man in the car is her father. → Is the man in the car her father? ?????? ?I’m a middle school student. → Are you a middle school student? ②一般疑问句的肯否定回答。 肯定回答： Yes, 主语+be.??????? 否定回答： No, 主语+be+not. e.g.? Is he old????????????? ??? Are you a new student??? Is your father at home? ?????? ?Yes, he is.?????????????????? Yes, I am.???????????????????? ? Yes, he is. ?????? ?No, he is not.(isn’t)???? No, I’m not.???????????????? ? No, he is not.(isn’t) 注意：①主语必须用代词回答；②肯定回答不能缩写；③回答第二人称，用第一人称回答。 ③特殊疑问句（就划线部分提问）。 1) 方法：将句子被提问(即被划线)的部分改为相对应的疑问词，然后置于句首，接着再将be动词或情态动词提前 (置于疑问词之后)，其它部分照抄不变，最后+？(即疑问词+一般疑问句？) ?????? e.g. ?????? The man in a red cap is her brother. → Who is the man in a red cap? I can sing English songs. → What can you do? 2) 注意：①被提问部分不能再写。 ②提问动词(即提问做某事)，在改句子时注意还“do”，表示做什么？ 3) 相应的疑问词。 1. 事物 → what??? ????????????? e.g. ????????????? That is a cat. → What is that????? 2. 地点 → where????????????????????????????? He is at home? → Where is he??? ? 3. 人 → who? ??????????????????????????? The man is his father. → Who is the man? 4. 怎样(程度，方式) → how????????????? She’s fine. → How is she? ??????????????????????????????????????????? He can go to school by bus. →How can he go to school? 5. 年龄 → how old?????? Our grandpa is 80. → How old is your grandpa? 6. 班级 → what class?? We are in Class 2, Grade 1. → What class are you in? 7. 数字 → what??? ?????? My phone number is 2212121→What’s your phone number? 8. 颜色 → what