欧洲文化入门第九章.ppt

European Culture：An Introduction Division Nine Realism General Introduction Realism in France Realism in Russia Realism in Northern Europe Realism in England Realism in the United States Art Music at the Turn of the Century What is Realism? In art and literature the term realism is used to identify a literary movement in Europe and the united States in the Last half of the 19th century and the early years of the 20th century. The realists wanted a truthful representation in their works of contemporary life and manners. The Historical Background The realist movement was greatly influenced by the development of science in the 19th century. The age of realism was the age of railway, wireless telegraphy and countless other mechanical inventions that revolutionized the nature of society within a very short span of time. The 19th century is the century of greatest change in the history of Western civilization. the profound social dislocation and urban poverty brought about by the social and economic changes created severe problems to which the political and intellectual leaders of the 19th century reacted in a number of ways. Round about the 1830s, in France, Portugal and Russia, liberals, nationalists and socialists led several revolutions, but most of them failed. Realism in France Stendhal (pen name of Marie Henri Beyle, 1783-1842)司汤达 Works: Armance Le Rough et le Noir ( The Red and the Black)红与黑, la Chartreuse de Parme (The Charterhouse of Parma)巴马修道院 Honore de Balzac 巴尔扎克(1799-1850) Balzac has been called “the French Dickens”. Works: La Comedie Humaine ( the Human Comedy)人间喜剧, Eugenie Grandet欧也妮·葛朗台, Le Pere Goriot 高老头 La Cousine Bette贝蒂表妹 Gustave Flaubert福楼拜 (1821-1880) Flaubert is one of the great literary artist of the 19th century. Work: Madame Bovery包法利夫人 Emile Zola 左拉(1840-1902) Zola was the founder of the naturalist school. Work: Les Rougen-Macquarts罗根.马塔里 . Guy de Maupassant莫泊桑 (1850-1893) Work: The Necklace项链, The Piece of String 一条绳子 The Umbre