高三英语第一轮语法复习-名词性从句.doc

名词性从句 根据句子的结构可分为：① 简单句——一主一谓 ②并列句——由等立连词and, but, so, for把两个（以上）的简单句连在一起构成。 ③复合句——一个主句+从句（一个或以上）构成。 定义 根据从句在复合句中的作用，分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。 名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。 总述 主语从句——在句中作主语，可用it作形式主语 e.g. What you said sounds reasonable. It is well known/reported/thought/said/… that… It is natural/surprising/necessary/certain/true/clear… that… It is a pity/a shame/an honour/no surprise/no wonder… that… It doesn’t matter whether… It seems\appears that… It happens that…碰巧 2. 表语从句-----位于系动词之后,表语从句还可用as if/as though/because/why引导 e.g. The question is who can complete the difficult task. ３．同位语从句-----跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容。名词主要有：fact, news（word）, promise, idea, truth, thought, suggestion, hope, proposal, doubt等。一般用that引导，不省略，不用which..也可用whether (不用if), who, what, which, when, where, how , why e.g. The news that our team has won the match is true. 4．宾语从句 1）作及物动词或介词的宾语（it可作形式宾语；注意whether和if区别） 2)直接引语和间接引语 I doubt whether\if he will keep his word. I don’t doubt that our team will win. 一．引导词 1.从属连词有that, whether, if。它们只起连接作用，不充当从句的任何成分 2.连接代词有who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whoever, whichever等。它们在从句中起连接作用，本身又作从句的主语、宾语、宾补或定语。 3．连接副词有when, where, why, how 等，它们既起连接作用，本身又作从句的状语。 how many(much, far, long, often, soon)等引导主语、宾语、表语从句 二．语序： 名词性从句中一律用陈述句语序 When he will arrive is not known. I dont know how I can get through the exam. 三．时态 1．在宾语从句中，当主句是一般现在时，其从句的谓语根据各种需要用各种时态 Mary is very diligent. Mary was very diligent. Mary is reading English. Tom said Mary was reading English. Tom says Mary will give us a talk. Mary would give us a talk. Mary has been caught in the rain. Mary had been caught in the rain. 但是，宾语从句表示事实、格言、谚语等，从句的时态仍用一般现在时。 2．在主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中，也要注意主从句的谓语动词要一致，关键要注意动作发生的先后。 Who will win the first prize in the contest is not known to us. Have you any idea why he was so rude? 四、语气 1．只要表示“命令、建议、要求”的各类名词性从句，都要用虚拟语气 should + 动词原形，should 可以省略。 五．宾语从句否定词的转移