高三英语复习非谓语动词.doc

曹州一中高三英语复习教学案 （六） 专题六 非谓语动词 一 动词不定式 【精华知识巨献】 一、动词不定式的句法功能 1不定式作主语 To know something about English is one thing;to know English is quite another. 注：常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在句子的后部。 It isnt easy for her to find a new job. It took me a year to save up for a new coat. 2不定式作宾语 ①不定式可作某些动词的宾语，常见的动词有：afford,agree,ask,decide,desire,expect,fail,hope,manage,promise,pretend,plan,intend,refuse,wish等。 He failed to attract her attention. ②come,get,grow后接不定式作宾语时，意为“逐渐地……”。She has a hot temper,but you will grow to like her. ③介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时，如前面有实义动词do,不定式就要省略to。 It has no choice but to lie down and sleep. 3不定式作宾语补足语 ①某些动词如tell,want,wish,advise,other,get,require,expect,remind,persuade, encourage,convince,force,beg,allow,forbid等后可接不定式作宾语补足语。 My doctor advised me to take a rest. ②某些感官动词如feel,hear,see,watch,notice,observe等或使役动词如have,let,make 等后面可接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。但如果句子变成被动语态时，就必须带不定式符号to。 Did you notice anyone go into the house? Was anyone noticed to go into the house？ ③某些动词如find,feel,think,expect,consider,make等后可接不定式作宾语，但宾语后要接形容词或名词作宾语补足语，而且要用it作形式宾语。 He found it difficult to work out the problem. ④be supposed/expected/believed/said/reported to等已是固定结构。 Teachers are supposed to treat all the students alike. 4不定式作定语 ①不定式作定语时常用主动形式表达被动意思。Do you have anything to take home？ ②不定式作定语一般表示将来的动作，但修饰有序数词或形容词最高级限定的名词时，则表示已完成的动作。 She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 5不定式作状语 ①作目的状语，还可用短语in order to或so as to。 He sat down to have a rest. ②作结果状语，表示意想不到的结果，还可用only to。 He left,never to return. He lifted a stone only to drop it on his own feet. ③不定式可用在下列句子中表示结果： adj./adv.+enough+to do... too+adj./adv.to do... so+adj./adv.+as to do... He was so careless as to forget to lock the door. ④不定式可作评注性状语，用以修饰整个句子。 T o be honest,I know nothing about it. 6不定式作表语 The first step is to check the victims breath. All I did was(to)press the button. 7“疑问词+不定式”在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语。 When and where to hold the meeting is not known yet.