英语四六级词汇应急措施.ppt

英语四六级词汇应急措施：学会三招就拿高分 在四六级作文中，词汇量不足是影响成绩的一个重要因素，如何应付这种情况使作文顺利进行下去?下面是三种简便易行的应急措施可能对你会有所帮助。 在四六级作文中，词汇量不足是影响成绩的一个重要因素。一个意思往往因为一个单词不会而表达不清，一个好的句子也会因为一个词汇想不起来而不能完成。如何应付这种情况使作文顺利进行下去?下面是三种简便易行的应急措施可能对你会有所帮助。 1、试用笼统词 英语语言中笼统词有have, take 等，笼统词的重要特点在于意义广泛，搭配性强，构成词组后可以替代众多具体动词。虽然不能精确表达一个动作，却能大致表达意思。在一些具体动词写不出来的时候，用这些笼统词取代，也能收到异曲同工的效果。 例如：我经历了一个极其艰苦的时代。 I experienced a terrible hard time. 这一句中，experience被遗忘时，用have代替，成为：I had a terrible hard time. 其效果及表达的意义决不亚于第一句。这样的例子还很多。如： Do you understand my meaning, sir? = Do you take my meaning, sir? I will preside over the meeting. = I will take the meeting. I will subscribe to the local newspaper. = I will take the local newspaper. They occupied the city. = They took the city. The boy resembles his father. = The boy takes after his father. 从以上的例句不难看出，具体词音节较多，使用频率不高，容易遗忘，而笼统词则不然。因此，在作文应试中，笼统词取代具体词，不失为一种应急良策。 2、联想有关词汇 当遗忘产生时，或遇到未曾学过的词时，应采取放射性思维，发挥想象力，想出一切与之有关的单词，利用语言的内在联系，多层次，多角度地运用语言。一般情况下，联想可按下列思路进行： 1. 联想同义词; 2联想反义词。 英语语言中众多的同义词在许多情况下是可以通用的。利用这一规律，由于某个单词受阻而影响全篇写作的情况便不会出现。试看下列句子： I had a nightmare last night. = I had a bad dream last night. Nightmare 使用频率不太高，因此不太好记。而其同义词bad dream 却很容易记。以后者取代前者丝毫不影响原句的意义。再比如：I don‘t understand this word. 也可以说成 I don’t know this word. 另外： He is stupid. = He is foolish. = He is a fool. = He is silly. The food is delicious. = The food is tasty. = The food is nice to eat. They discontinued the work at five. = They stopped the work at five. His temper is nasty. = His temper is terrible. = He has a bad temper. 英语语言中词与词之间是有联系的，词与词之间语义的“共核”现象即所谓的同义词。丰富的同义词给我们提供了极大的方便。 同样，用其反义词来取代某一遗忘了的词也是可行的，请看下面的例子： He is stubborn. = He is not tame. The knife is blunt. = The knife is not sharp. This is expensive. = This is not cheap. She is talkative. = She is never quiet. 3、试用解释性语句 语言的功能在于表达，而表达的方式是多种多样的。英语当中多功能解释性语句，就可以起到这一作用。请看下面的句子： He is a dumb. = He is a person who can not speak. He refused. = He said “no”. I’ve never seen such a stubborn person. = I’ve never seen such a person who never listens to other’s advice.