广东外语外贸大学普通心理学课件第五章 States of Consciousness.ppt

Chapter 5States of Consciousness Some Early Definitions Consciousness: All the sensations, perceptions, memories, and feelings you are aware of in any instant Waking Consciousness: Normal, clear, organized, alert awareness Altered State of Consciousness (ASC): Awareness that is distinctly different in quality or pattern from waking consciousness Sleep Definition: Innate, biological rhythm Microsleep: Brief shift in brain-wave patterns similar to those of sleep Sleep Deprivation: Sleep loss; being deprived of needed amounts of sleep Sleep-Deprivation Psychosis: Major disruption that occurs because of sleep loss Hypersomnia: Excessive daytime sleepiness Measuring Sleep Changes Electroencephalograph (EEG): Brain-wave machine; amplifies and records electrical activity in the brain Beta Waves: Small fast waves associated with alertness and awakeness Alpha Waves: Large, slow waves associated with relaxation and falling asleep Stages of Sleep Stage 1: Small, irregular waves produced in light sleep (people may or may not say they were asleep) Hypnic Jerk: Reflex muscle twitch throughout body that may occur in Stage 1 Stage 2: Deeper sleep; sleep spindles (bursts of distinctive brain-wave activity) appear Stage 3: Deeper sleep; Delta waves appear; very large and slow Stage 4: Deepest level of normal sleep; almost purely Delta waves States of Sleep Rapid Eye Movements (REM): Associated with dreaming; sleep is very light. Body is very still during REM sleep. Lack of muscle paralysis during REM sleep is called REM Behavioral Disorder. Non-REM (NREM) Sleep: Occurs during stages 1, 2, 3, and 4; no rapid eye movement occurs. Seems to help us recover from daily fatigue. Sleep Disturbances Insomnia: Difficulty in getting to sleep or staying asleep, or waking early Sleeping pills exacerbate insomnia; cause decrease in REM and Stage 4 sleep and may cause dependency Drug-Dependency Insomnia: Sleeplessness that follows withdrawal from sleeping pills Types and Causes of Ins