广东外语外贸大学普通心理学课件第十章 Personality.ppt

Chapter 10Personality Defining Some Terms Personality: A person’s unique and relatively stable behavior patterns; the consistency of who you are, have been, and will become Character: Personal characteristics that have been judged or evaluated Temperament: Hereditary aspects of personality, including sensitivity, moods, irritability, and adaptability Personality Trait: Stable qualities that a person shows in most situations Personality Type: People who have several traits in common Personality Types and Other Concepts Carl Jung, Swiss psychiatrist who was a Freudian disciple, believed that we are one of two personality types: Introvert: Shy, self-centered person whose attention is focused inward Extrovert: Bold, outgoing person whose attention is directed outward Self-Concept: Your ideas, perceptions, and feelings about who you are Self-Esteem: How we evaluate ourselves; a positive self-evaluation of ourselves Low Self-esteem: A negative self-evaluation Personality Theories: An Overview Personality Theory: System of concepts, assumptions, ideas, and principles proposed to explain personality; includes five perspectives: Trait Theories: Attempt to learn what traits make up personality and how they relate to actual behavior Psychodynamic Theories: Focus on the inner workings of personality, especially internal conflicts and struggles Behavioristic Theories: Focus on external environment and on effects of conditioning and learning Social Learning Theories: Attribute differences in perspectives to socialization, expectations, and mental processes Humanistic Theories: Focus on private, subjective experience and personal growth Gordon Allport and Traits Common Traits: Characteristics shared by most members of a culture Individual Traits: Describe a person’s unique personal qualities Cardinal Traits: So basic that all of a person’s activities can be traced back to the trait Central Traits: Core qualities of a personality Secondary Traits: Inconsistent or superficial as