语言学复习提纲.doc

Chapter 1 Introduction The definition of linguistics Collecting data? Scientific study Linguistics直刼朋加収虫血必L殴丄hnguggc (对语言进行的科学研究) The scope of linguistics General linguistics 普通语言学：f辰 study of language as a whole 从整体研究 lPhonetics: the general study of the characteristics of speech sounds (or the study of the phonic medium of language) (How speech sounds are produced and classified) 2. Phonology: language, (How sounds form systems and function to convey meaning) 3Morphology: the study of the way in which morphemes are arranged to form words (how morphemes are combined to form words) 4Syntax: the study of those rules that govern the combination of words to form permissible sentences (how morphemes and words are combined to form sentences) 5Semantics: the study of meaning in abstraction 6Pragmatics: the study of meaning in context of use Sociolinguistics: the study of language with reference to society Psycholinguistics: the study of language with reference to the workings of the mind Applied linguistics: the application of linguistics principles and theories to language teaching and learning Anthropological linguistics, neurological linguistics; mathematical linguistics; mathematical linguistics; computational linguistics Some important distinctions in linguistics ②Synchronic vs. Diachronic 共时性与历时性(现代英语多研究共时性) The description of a language at some point in time; The description of a language as it changes through time. Langue and parole 语言和言语 Proposed by Swiss linguists F? de Sausse (sociological) Langue): refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community (扌旨一彳、话语 社团所看忘员龔看白勺语言系统) _ Parole): refers to the realization of langue in actual use (指语言在实际运用中的实现) Competence and performance 语言能力与语言运用 Proposed by the American linguist N? Chomsky (psychological) Competence :?ths id腕工直ngu@gc?(理想的语言使用者关于语言规 则方面的知识） Perfonnance: the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistics communication.(这种知识在语言 交流中的具体实现） What is language?什么是语言 |A] T