中国船舶油污损害赔偿机制之主体研究硕士学位论文.doc

中国船舶油污损害赔偿机制之主体研究 PAGE III 摘　要 国际油污损害赔偿机制确立了以船东严格责任与货方赔偿基金相结合的双层赔偿体系。该赔偿机制经多年运行在很大程度上已被证实颇具科学性和有效性。然而，目前中国国内油污损害赔偿机制的建设却仍处于初级阶段，且与国际水平相去甚远。本文着力于船舶油污损害赔偿机制之主体问题的详尽研究，其内容主要涵盖有权提出索赔的权利主体以及承担损害赔偿的责任主体。 除引言和结论外，本文正文部分论述结构如下： 第一章为概述。本章首先诠释了研究船舶油污损害赔偿之主体的意义和目标；其次，借助大量数据和图表对船舶油污损害及赔偿概况略做说明；再者本章还根据我国加入的国际公约和现行国内立法，解析了相关法律在我国的适用困惑。 第二章为船舶油污损害赔偿之权利主体。本章着重阐释了国家在我国船舶油污损害赔偿纠纷中的权利主体地位，并进一步探讨了有关行政机关代表国家进行索赔的具体问题。 第三章为船舶油污损害赔偿之第一层责任主体。本章主要围绕传统的民事责任主体船舶所有人，以及强制责任保险制度推行下的责任保险人或财务保证人展开论述。与此同时，船舶碰撞造成油污损害赔偿，碰撞船舶的责任承担问题在本章中亦有所体现。 第四章为船舶油污损害赔偿之第二层责任主体。本章探究了国际油污损害赔偿基金、美国溢油责任信托基金以及加拿大船源油污基金。除此之外，还分别从基金征收、使用以及管理三个方面对中国油污损害赔偿基金的建设情况进行了描绘。 第五章为中国船舶油污损害赔偿机制之主体改善建议。本章就前文提及的有关我国船舶油污损害赔偿机制的主体内容提出了些许改进建议。 关键词：油污损害，权利主体，责任主体，强制保险，赔偿基金 ABSTRACT The International Regime for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage creates a two-tier system consists of shipowners’ strict liability as well as the compensation fund contributed by oil receivers. It has been demonstrated to a great extent that the implementation of the regime in years is really scientific and effective. However, the current establishment of the domestic regime for compensation for oil pollution damage in China is still at the primary stage, and is well below the international level. This thesis focuses on a comprehensive study on the subject of compensation for oil pollution damage from ships, which mainly comprises the subject of right entitled to claim and the responsible party liable for compensation. Excluding the introduction and the conclusion, the thesis is structured as follows: Chapter 1 is “Summary”. Firstly, the chapter explains the meaning and objective to study the subject of compensation for oil pollution damage from ships. Secondly, it slightly illustrates the status quo of the oil pollution damage from ships and compensation arising out of the damage by using statistic figures and charts. Thirdly, it also analyzes the issue of the application of the relevant legislation in accordance with the international conventions accepte