农村电气化外文文献 Rural electrification, gender and the labor market_ A cross-country study of India and South Africa.pdf
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World Development 109 (2018) 346–359
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
World Development
journal homepage: /lo cate/worlddev
Rural electrification, gender and the labor market: A cross-country study
of India and South Africa
Sambhu Singh Rathi a,⇑, Claire Vermaak b
a W, 117 W 20th St #203, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
b School of Accounting, Economics and Finance, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t
Article history: This cross-country study estimates the effect of household electrification on labor market outcomes for
Accepted 7 May 2018 rural individuals in India and South Africa, two developing countries that have implemented large-
Available online 17 May 2018 scale rural electrification schemes in recent decades. Two identification strategies are used: propensity
score matching and panel fixed effects estimation. We focus on three indicators of labor market success:
Keywords: employment, earnings and hours worked. We find that electrification raises the annual incomes earned
Rural electrification by those who work in paid employment, for both men and women in both countries. For India, both gen-
Labor market
ders work fewer hours, suggesting that electricity raises productivity. For South Africa, where the labor
Gender
India market has less absorptive capacity, there is no employment benefit o
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