论海事请求的优先顺位-国际法学专业论文.docxVIP

Abst Abst tact In the shipping practice，different maritime claims may arise out of or in relation to ships，carriage of goods by sea and operation at sea．When the maritime claims撕s from the same object，the question of priority of these claims wi／l occuL Different sequence will lead to different results of compensation and consequently affect the interests of different parties concerned．Hence，establishing a proper sequence of compensation for maritime claims is the chief task in mediating the conflict of interests ofdifferent parties． The current Chinese law does not provide for sufficient provisions regarding this question and consequently different courts make different judgements regarding sarrle or similar cases．Such a result goes against unification of and cause prejudice to the development ofthe shipping． In this paper,the maritime claims are divided into three categories with the sequence of which as follows：those for the fees paid for the mutual interest of the claimant，those with security interests on a ship and obligatory rights in general．Based upon basic theories and principles of civil law and by reference to the relevant international conventions and foreign legislations,the author expounds the conflicts of sequence of compensation for maritime claims of different categories and those of the salne category and put forward suggestions for the modification of China Maritime Code and for the judicial unification in this aspect． Keywords：Maritime Claims，Compensation，Security Interest，Maritime Lien， Ship Mortgage，Lien on Ship II 第1章引言1．1本文的研究目的和意义 第1章引言 1．1本文的研究目的和意义 在司法实践中，同一债务人负担数个海事请求的情形并不鲜见。如果海事请 求人的请求都能得到足额的受偿，就不会产生海事请求的受偿顺位的问题。但是， 实践中，所有海事请求人都能全额受偿的情况并不多见，因此产生了海事请求竞 存的问题。 从词义一k讲，竞者，相争也；存者，存在也。竟存，乃指数物竞相存在，且 彼此争胜。海事请求的竞存，是指同一财产上存在数项海事请求且其效力相互冲 突的现象。各种海事请求中，无论哪一个优先行使与实现，都将会对其海事请求 的行使与实现产生消极影响，使其削弱乃至丧失。于是，在多种海事请求并存并 无法同时满足的情况下，应该按照怎样的顺序进行赔偿，就成了一个必须解决的 问题。 在学术界和实践中，人们对于船舶担保物权的研究和关注较多。无论是专门 针对船舶优先权、船舶留置权或者船舶抵押权，还是对船舶担保物权进行整体性 研究的文章和著作很多，但对实践中常出现的海事请求的受偿顺位进行系