现代英语词汇学概论5Word_meaning_and_Semantic_Features.pptVIP

现代英语词汇学概论 Lexicology Chapter 5 Word meaning and Semantic Features Chapter 5 5.1 Conventionality and Motivation 5.2 Main Types of Word Meaning 5.3 Componential Analysis and Semantic Features 5.1 The relationship between the sound-symbol and its sense Questions: 1. What is the relationship between the sound-symbol and its sense? How are the sound and meaning of words related? How are the sound and meaning of words related? Two ways: 1. Conventionality (约定俗成) 2. Motivation (有理可据) Conventionality Conventional or arbitrary Arbitrary: adj. decided by or based on chance or personal opinion rather than facts or reason. Conventional or arbitrary: there is no intrinsic relation between the sound-symbol and its sense. Motivation Motivation: there is the connection between word-symbol and its sense Phonetic motivation Morphological motivation Semantic motivation Phonetic motivation: pronunciation suggests the meaning, including echoic words or onomatopoeic words E.g. woof-woof the woof-woof of a dog miaow the miaow of a cat roar the roar of a lion bang the bang of a door Morphological motivation: there is a direct connection between the morphemic structure of the word and its meaning. E.g. anticancer kilogram good-looking daydream Semantic motivation: The figurative meaning can be understood by those who know the literal meaning. E.g. a stony heart the leg of a table What is the relationship between the sound-symbol and its sense? 1. Conventionality (约定俗成) Most words are conventional. 2. Motivation (有理可据) back 5.2 Types of Word Meaning Types of Word Meaning: A. Grammatical meaning B. Lexical meaning Types of Word Meaning A. Grammatical meaning 1. word-class 2. inflectional paradigm B. Lexical meaning 1. denotative meaning 2. connotative meaning 3. social or stylistic meaning 4. affective meaning back A. Grammatical meaning 1. word-class:The word-class determines the position th