翻译理论与实践8.ppt

英译汉对策（4） 习语的翻译 习语翻译方法主要有： 1.直译法 [例] a gentleman’s agreement 君子协定 The Trojan horse 特洛伊木马 Blood is thicker than water 血浓于水 2.意译法 [例1]She was born with a silver spoon in her mouth; she thinks she can do what she likes. [译文]她生长在富贵之家，认为凡事都可以随心所欲。 [例2]The teenagers don’t invite Bob to their parties because he is a wet blanket. [译文]青少年们不邀请Bob参加他们的聚会，因为他是一个令人扫兴的人。 3.汉语同义习语的套用 [例]like father like son 有其父必有其子 To praise to the skies 捧上天去 Strike while the iron is hot 趁热打铁 Six of one and half a dozen of the other 半斤八两 One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy. 一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃 英语习语的翻译应该注意： 1.可以对译的成语往往并非完全对等，在不同语境中的翻译也会不同 [例1]Everybody said how well the new secretary was doing, but he said, shortly, “Yes. New brooms sweep clean.” [译文]大家都夸奖新来的秘书干的如何出色，但他只是短短地说了一句：“是啊，新官上任三把火嘛。” [例2]She was every pleased with the new furniture, but then she was like that, and everybody thought, “As usual, new brooms sweep clean.” [译文]她对那些信家具很满意，但过了不久又觉得不过如此。大伙都在想：“什么东西也不过新鲜一阵罢了。” 2.注意习语的含义和用法，不必刻意形象对等 [例1]I’m going to beard the lion in his den tomorrow, and ask him plainly why he hadn’t increased my salary. [译文]我明天要去找他评评理，当面问清他为什么不给我涨工资。 [例2]He is a walking skeleton. [译文]他骨瘦如柴。 [例3]They tried to pull Jack’s leg. [译文]他们试图愚弄Jack. 3.要注意尽量保留原文的民族文化色彩，并且尽量避免使用汉语中具有鲜明民族、地方色彩的习语硬套英语的习语 [例]Mother stopped at the supermarket to buy bread and then went to get Jane at dancing class; she killed two birds with one stone. [译文]妈妈一举两得/一箭双雕/一石二鸟，既在超市买了面包，又顺便去舞蹈班接了Jane。 4.有时英语原文中虽无习语，但译成汉语时在重视与原文内容与总体风格的前提下可以适当使用习语。 [例1]Over the past several weeks, she had grown increasingly restless. [译文]过去几周，她越来越六神无主。 [例2]The guest was pleased by the distinction but not overwhelmed. [译文]来宾对这种破格礼遇感到高兴，但并没有受宠若惊。 [例3]I was nervous before crowds. [译文]我在大庭广众之前感到紧张。 希腊罗马神话、圣经典故的翻译 1.放弃原文的神话典故，而以一般化语言表达出神话典故的含义。 1）某些神话典故在英语中已经作为一般形象化词语使用，某些由于使用较多，略有转意。 [例]If we try to implement these harebrained ideas (that English should be replaced by Hind; and the 15 recognized state languages), India will become a To