胸部检查-1幻灯片.ppt

* * 肺膨胀不全,肺气肿,气胸 * * * * * * * * * IC=[infraclavicular]锁骨下的 * * * * * * * * * * * * * Abnormal Vesicular Breath Sounds异常肺泡呼吸音 (2) Prolonged : the lower respiratory tract spasm, or narrowing; diminished elasticity of the lung tissue. 呼吸音延长: 下呼吸道痉挛或狭窄 肺组织弹性减退 Intermittent and roughness: airflow asymmetry and not smooth. 断续和粗糙: 气流不均匀或不畅 Abnormal Bronchial Breath Sounds 异常支气管呼吸音 Bronchial breath sounds appears in the area where the vesicular breath sounds dominate. 肺泡呼吸音区出现支气管呼吸音 “tubular breath sound” 又称管状呼吸音 Mechanism: airway open but lung tissue with infiltration or large cavity. 机制:气道通畅 肺组织密度增加 肺内有空腔 Causes: consolidation of the lung, large cavity inside the lung, compressive atelectasis. 原因:肺内炎症实变 压迫性肺不张 肺内大空洞 Abnormal Bronchovesicular Breath Sounds异常支气管肺泡呼吸音 Bronchovesicular breath sounds appears in the area where the vesicular breath sounds dominate. 肺泡呼吸音区出现支气管肺泡呼吸音 Mechanism: airway open with both normal lung tissue and consolidation. 机制: 气道通畅肺实变与正常肺并存 Seen in bronchial pneumonia, tuberculosis of the lung, initial stages of lobar pneumonia, compressed area upper in pleural effusion. 原因: 支气管肺炎 肺结核 大叶肺炎初期 胸腔积液上方肺膨胀不全区域 Rales 啰音 rhonchi wheeze stridor crackles or moist rale sonority and nonsonority coarse, middle and fine crepitus 干啰音 哮鸣音 喘鸣音 湿啰音 响亮性 非响亮 粗 中 细 捻发音 Rhonchi干啰音 Rhonchi are long continuous adventitious sounds, generated by airway narrowing. 由气道狭窄产生持续时间较长的附加音 Inflammation-induced mucosal congestion and edema together with exudate 炎症引起的黏膜充血水肿伴分泌物增多 Spasmodic contraction of bronchial smooth muscle 支气管平滑肌痉挛性收缩 Intralumenal tumor or foreign body obstruction 管腔内肿瘤或异物堵塞 Narrowing of lumen caused by compression 管壁受压管腔狭窄 Classify of Rhonchi干啰音分类 General rhonchi 一般干啰音 produced by thick secretion in bronchus 由支气管粘稠分泌物所致 Wheezes 哮鸣音 produced by bronchial smooth muscle spas