where-和from-where-引导定语从句的区别.ppt

1.在from which 中，which指代的是前面的某个名词或代词。如： The village has only one well from which the villagers draw water. 这个村子仅有一口井供村民们取水。 2.在from where中，where指代的是前面表地点的介词短语，指明具体的地点方位。如： He hid himself under the bed, from where he could hear what they were talking about. (from where = and from under the bed) 3.一般情况下，where可直接引导定语从句。 What is the name of the town where we stayed last night? 我们昨晚呆过的那个小镇叫什么？ 4.但在特定语境中，用where不如用from where。如： She climbed up to the top of the hill, from where she could have a good view of the whole town. 她登上山顶，从那里她可以一览全城风光。 该句中的from where相当于and from on the top of the hill或from on the top of which…, 不可变为from which，但可直接用where引导。不过，语义较为含糊，不如from where生动、形象、具体。where常笼统地表示位置，所含的意义很泛，它可以指“不同方位的介词+地点/位置名词”，这些常见的方位介词有 in, on, by, at, below, under, beside, inside, above, near...等等。 We walked for two and a half hours to get there—first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below. 这里介词(from)+关系副词(where)相当于from +地点状语，即关系副词相当于代替前面的一个介词短语，以便所表达地点更加具体，更加清晰准确。 A: from which 中的关系代词which只能代替”一个表示地点/事物的名词，不能代替一个介词短语，有时候无法准确表达一个确切地点状语。 B:from where 中的关系副词where能代替一个“表示确切地点的介词短语”因此能描述一个比较准确地点状语。这个比较准确地点状语是用来说明定语从句谓语动作发生的地点。（即某人在某地干了某事） 定语从句中 from where = and from there（here） 从那里 since when = and since then 从那时起 She climbed up to the top of the hill, from where she could have a good view of the whole town.(非限制性定语从句） =She climbed up to the top of the hill, and from on the top of the hill she could have a good view of the whole town.（有连词and 连接并列句） 她登上山顶，从那里她可以一览全城风光。（引导定语从句） 划线部分相当于 A: and from on the top of the hill B: from on the top of which(which代替先行词the hill) He hid himself under the bed, where he could hear what they were talking. 他躲在床下面，在床那儿他听到他们谈话。 He hid himself under the bed, from where he could hear what they were talking. (from where = and from under the bed) 解析：1 句中的 where 可指为“在床边”“在床上”“在床下”等，意思不够。意思比较模糊） 2.句中的 from where 可理解为 from under the bed，意思是“从床下面”, 即在定语从句中关系副词where取代/代替了