呕血诊断(英文版).pptVIP

summary--- Learning Objectives the definition of hematemesis is vomiting of blood.which can be fresh and red,or degraded by gastric pepsin,when it is dark brown in colour and resembles coffee grounds. the major causes of hematemesis The most common causes of hematemesis are peptic ulcer, gastritis, esophageal varices or lesions, and cancer of the stomach evaluation of hematemesis and melena----colour/amount/accompany complaints/past history/physical examination differentitation of hematemesis and hemoptysis * * * HEMATEMESIS caiqiao yin Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Minda Hospital Medical College, Hubei University for Nationalities The Gastrointestinal System GI tract consists of a hollow muscular tube starting from the oral cavity, going through the rectum and is ended at the anus, where food is expelled. The main function of the GI tract is digestion and absorption of nutrients The movement of the smooth muscles in the GI is called peristasis and propels food in the forward direction Accessory organs that assist the tract by secreting enzymes to help break down food into its component nutrients (salivary glands, liver, pancreas and gall bladder) The Gastrointestinal System digestive tract Starts at mouth ? pharynx ? esophagus ? stomach ? small intestine ? large intestine ? rectum ends at anus digestive gland salivary glands, liver, pancreas gall bladder The Gastrointestinal System Digestive and absorptive process take place in the GI tract Gastrointestinal Problems upper gastrointestinal tract disorder Dysphagia Nausea Vomiting hematemesis hematochezia melena ...... lower GI tract hematochezia..... jejunum duodenum suspensory ligament of duodenum duodenojejunal flexure upper gastrointestinal tract lower gastrointestinal tract definition of hematemesis and melaena hematemesis--- is vomiting of blood.which can be fresh and red,or degraded by gastric pepsin,when it is dark brown in colour and res