汽车--常用术语.doc

汽车--常用术语 常用术语1、汽车类型：the type of automobile汽车：motor vehicle，automobile载货车：truck? ?? ? 微型货车：mini-truck? ?轻型货车：light-truck? ?中型货车：medium truck? ?重型货车：heavy truck? ?越野车：off-road vehicle 自卸车：dump truck? ?牵引车：towing vehicle 专用汽车：special purpose vehicle? ?客车：bus? ?轿车：passenger car 微型轿车：mini-car? ?普通级轿车：subcompact car 中级轿车：compact car 中高级轿车：intermediate car? ?高级轿车：limousine car2、汽车尺寸：dimension of vehicle车长：vehicle length? ?车宽：vehicle width? ?车高：vehicle height轴距：wheel space? ?轮距：track? ?? ? 前悬：front overhang 后悬: rear overhang? ?最小离地间隙：ground clearance车轮外倾：camber angle 主销内倾: kingpin inclination? ?前束 toe-in3、发动机：engine发动机总体构造和工作原理：the construction and working principle汽油机gasoline engine? ?柴油机 diesel engine 四冲程发动机four-stroke engine 单(多)缸发动机 single(multi)-cylinder engine 立（斜、卧）式发动机 vertical (inclined、horizontal) engine工作循环 working process 进气（压缩、膨胀、排气）行程 suction(compression、 expansion 、exhaust) stroke 点火次序 firing order? ?? ? 上（下）止点 top(bottom) dead centre? ?活塞行程 piston stroke? ?? ? 气缸工作容积 piston swept volume 发动机排量 engine swept volume? ?充气系数 volumetric efficiency 配气相位 valve timing? ?? ? 压缩比 compression ratio 直接喷射 direct injection? ???间接喷射 indirect injection 喷油压力 injection pressure? ?电控喷射 electronic-controlled injection 雾化 atomization? ?? ?? ?混合气浓度 mixture concentration 可燃混合气 combustible mixture? ?空燃比 air-fuel ratio过量空气系数 excess air ratio? ?燃烧室 combustion chamber 压燃 compression ignition? ???点燃 spark ignition 抗暴性 antiknock quality? ?? ? 增压中冷 inter-cooling 负荷 load? ?? ?? ???空载 no-load 工况 working condition 曲柄连杆机构：connecting rods and crankshaft缸盖 cylinder head? ?? ? 气缸 cylinder 缸体 cylinder block? ?? ? 缸套 cylinder liner 油底壳 oil pan? ?? ?? ?活塞 piston 活塞环(销) piston ring(pin)? ???气（油）环 compression(oil control) ring 连杆 connecting rod? ?? ? 曲柄 crank 曲轴 crankshaft? ?? ?? ?飞轮 flywheel配气机构：valve gear凸轮（轴）cam(camshaft)? ???进（排）气阀 inlet (exhaust) valve 挺柱 tappet? ?? ?? ???推杆 push-rod 摇臂 rocker arm燃油供给系统：fuel