新概念第二册Lesson45.ppt

被动语态 一、什么是语态？ 语态是英语动词的一种表现形式，用来说明主语和 谓语动词之间的关系。 二、语态的种类： （1）主动语态 （2）被动语态 三、被动语态的构成：(八种时态下的被动语态） am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 2) has /have been done 现在完成时 3)am/is /are being done 现在进行时  4)was/were done 一般过去时  5)had been done? 过去完成时  Visitors are asked not to touch the exhibits.(展品） All the preparations for the task have been completed A new cinema is being built here． I was given ten minutes to decide. By the end of last year, another new gym had been completed in Beijing.??  6)was/were being done 过去进行时  7)shall/will be done 一般将来时 8） should/would be done 过去将来时  被动语态的特殊结构形式?1）带情态动词的被动结构 其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。  A meeting was being held when I was there.  Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived. The baby can be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 主动语态变被动语态应注意的问题 1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，应保留主动语态原来 的时态。如：She often cleans the house. The house is often cleaned by her. 2.有些动词可以有双宾语，在用于被动结构时， 通常变为主语的是间接宾语（sb.） His mother gave him a present for his birthday He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.  3. 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时， 将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动. Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette(香烟） =The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4.在使役动词have, make, get以及 感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等变为被动结构时，要加to Someone saw a stranger walk into the building =A stranger was seen to walk into the building.  5.有些相当于及物动词的动词词组， 如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等， 也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体， 不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。  The meeting is to be put off till Friday 主动表被动 一、系动词 taste, smell, feel, sound, prove 等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如: 1这些花闻起来很香。 2那听起来很有道理。 3那食物尝起来很可口。 These flowers smell sweet. That sounds very reasonable. The food tastes delicious. 二、某些与 can’t won’t 等连用的不及物动 词，如move, lock, shut, open 等可用主动 形式表达被动意义。如： 1盒子不能移动。 2门不会关。 The box can’t move. The door won’t shut. 三、某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能 的不及物动词，如 sell, write, wash, clean, las