原子轨域的副壳层.ppt

* 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 * * Example 4-8 Electron Configurations and Quantum Numbers Write an acceptable set of four quantum numbers for each electron in a nitrogen atom. Nitrogen : 7 electrons 1s 2s 2p Na ? ? ? ? ? Electron n l ml ms e- Configuration 1,2 1 0 0 +1/2 1s2 1 0 0 -1/2 3,4 2 0 0 +1/2 2s2 2 0 0 -1/2 5,6,7 2 1 -1 +1/2 or -1/2 1p1x 2 1 0 +1/2 or -1/2 2p1y or 2p3 2 1 +1 +1/2 or -1/2 2p1z * Example 4-9 Electron Configurations and Quantum Numbers Write an acceptable set of four quantum numbers for each electron in a chlorine atom. Chlorine : 17 electrons 1s 2s 2p 3s 3P Na ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Electron n l ml ms e- Configuration 1,2 1 0 0 ±1/2 1s2 3,4 2 0 0 ±1/2 2s2 5-10 2 1 -1 ±1/2 2p6 2 1 0 ±1/2 2 1 +1 ±1/2 11,12 3 0 0 ±1/2 3s2 13-17 3 1 -1 ±1/2 3p5 3 1 0 ±1/2 3 1 +1 +1/2 or -1/2 Exercise 104,108 * Example 4-10 Electron Configurations Use Table 5-5 to determine the electron configurations of (a) magnesium, Mg; (b) germanium, Ge; and (c) molybdenum, Mo. magnesium, Mg : 12 electrons , last filled noble gas is neon (atomic number 10) [Ne] 3s2 germanium, Ge : 32 electrons , last filled noble gas is Argon (atomic number 18) [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2 or [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p2 molybdenum, Mo : 42 electrons , last filled noble gas is krypton (atomic number 36) [Kr] 5s1 4d5 or [kr] 4d5 5s1 Exercise 106 * Example 4-11 Unpaired electrons Determine the number of unpaired electrons in an atom of tellurium, Te. tellurium, Te : 52 electrons , last filled noble gas is krypton (atomic number 36) 5s 4d 5p Te [Kr] ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 5s2 4d10 5p4 two unpaired electrons Exercise 112, 114 Mass Spectrometry 質譜儀的發展起源 質譜儀(mass spectrometry, MS)是以熱電子撞擊氣體分子，使