羧甲基纤维素的粘度.doc

稻草芦苇及其浆料制备羧甲基纤维素的比较* 戴歆，薛也，彭卫惠，刘祝兰，任浩 (1.南京林业大学 轻工科学与工程学院，江苏 南京 210037) 摘 要：本文研究了直接由草粉或浆料制备羧甲基纤维素钠的溶剂适应性，并对产品的结构、粘度、取代度做了分析。结果表明，丙酮做溶剂时羧甲基纤维素合成的得率最高、取代度最大。草粉和草浆在丙酮溶剂中经过一次反应得到的羧甲基纤维素取代度均可达0.7以上。红外光谱表明，从草粉和从浆料制得的羧甲基纤维素样品结构上没有明显差别。以不同程度预处理的草粉为原料，可以得到取代度0.5-1.1之间的不同品质的羧甲基纤维素产品。 关键词：稻草；芦苇；浆料；羧甲基纤维素 中图分类号：TQ26 文献标识码：B Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxymethylated Cellulose from Rice Straw and Reed DAI Xin，XUE Ye，PENG WeiHui, Liu Zhulan, REN Hao (1. College of Pulp and Paper Making，NanJing Forestry University，NanJing 210037，China) Abstract: This study was focused on synthesis and characterization of carboxymethylated cellulose from rice straw and reed. Carboxymethylated was synthesized directly from straw mills or straw pulps, the yields, viscosity, degree of substitution (DS), and FT-IR absorptions were compared respectively. Results showed that either straw mills or straw pulps are available for using as raw materials. Acetone showed the best accessibility in the reaction process, the yields, DS, viscosity of the products which were got from acetone had the best characteristics. The DS can reach 0.7 both for straw mills and straw pulps starting materials. There was no significant difference on FT-IR measured structure between carboxymethylated celluloses from mills or pulps. In addition, changing the pretreatment degree of raw materials, the DS of products can be changed from 0.5 to 1.1 according to necessary. Key words: Wheat Straw; Reed; Pulp; Carboxymethylated Cellulose 羧甲基纤维素（carboxymethyl cellulose 简称CMC）是天然纤维素经化学改性得到的一种具有醚结构的衍生物，通常所用的是它的钠盐。CMC广泛应用于化学工业的各个领域。在合成洗涤剂及制造工业，CMC具有乳化及保护胶体的性质，因而是合成洗涤剂最好的活性助剂之一；在纺织、印染工业上作为上浆剂、增稠剂和乳化剂；在造纸工业上可用作纸面平滑剂和施胶剂；在陶瓷工业中，可作毛坯的粘合剂、可塑剂、釉药的悬色剂和固色剂；在石油工业中可作增稠剂[1]。另外CMC还可用于食品、医药、日用化学品及其他工业[2]。 目前市场上的CMC取代度(DS)一般在0.4~1.0之间，而取代度为1.0~1.6的为高取代度CMC, DS在1.7~3.0范围内的为超高取代度CMC[3]。高取代度CMC在纺织、印染工业较CMC具有更优良的特性，因此越来越多的受到人们的关注。羧甲基纤维素迄今为止它的原料基本都是采用棉短绒制成的精制棉，由于纤维素的供应日趋紧张，CMC产量下降，价格上涨，所以近年很多人试图用羧甲基淀粉来取代羧甲基纤维素，也有人试图利用稻草、地脚棉（废棉）、豆腐渣等生产CMC，但尚未看到