国际商务管理概论与结算英文版课件修订版朱文忠 9787 81134 803 327.pptVIP

By Zhu Wenzhong LEARNING GOALS State the definition of production Explain job production and its advantages and disadvantages Explain batch production and its advantages and disadvantages Explain flow production and its advantages and disadvantages State the factors that may affect the firm’s choice of production methods Definition of production Production takes place when resources such as raw materials or components, are changed into ‘products’. It refers to those activities that bring a product into being. Three methods of production Figure: Three methods of production It involves the production of a single product at a time. Job production Advantages: Able to produce unique orders to meet customers’ individual needs. More likely to motivate workers (see end results) Fairly simple way of production(one a time) Disadvantages: Labor intensiveness and high costs High selling costs Not fit for mass production and large demand Three methods of production This involves dividing the work into a number of different operations, or a method that involves completing one operation at a time on all units before performing the next. Batch production Advantages: Suitable for a wide range of similar products Reducing the need for skilled workers More standardized products and less machinery needed Disadvantages: Higher unit costs for small batch Less motivated workers for repetitive one operation Careful planning needed to reduce idle machines or worker waiting Three methods of production It is a method of large-scale production of standardized products, where each operation on a unit is performed continuously one after another, usually on a production assemble line It often includes mass, repetitive and process production. Flow production Advantages: Large scale production and reduced unit costs Highly automated and high efficiency Able to produce large quantity of products Disadvantages: Very high investment cost in machinery and equipment L