商务英语综合教程下册课件第二版刘玉玲 ISBN9787566306739 PPUnit 9.ppt

Notes 6. Ministerial Conference 部长级会议 The Ministerial Conference is the top decision making body of the World Trade Organization (WTO). There have been six Ministerial Conferences: WTO Ministerial Conference of 1996 WTO Ministerial Conference of 1998 WTO Ministerial Conference of 1999 WTO Ministerial Conference of 2001 WTO Ministerial Conference of 2003 WTO Ministerial Conference of 2005 Fourth ministerial conference was held in Doha in Persian Gulf nation of Qatar. The Doha Development Round was launched at the conference. The conference also approved the joining of China, which became the 143rd member to join. Notes 7. The Doha Development Round 多哈发展回合谈判 The Doha Development Round or Doha Development Agenda (DDA) is the current trade-negotiation round of the World Trade Organization (WTO) which commenced in November 2001. Its objective is to lower trade barriers around the world, which allows countries to increase trade globally. As of 2008, talks have stalled over a divide on major issues, such as agriculture, industrial tariffs and non-tariff barriers, services, and trade remedies. The most significant differences are between developed nations led by the European Union (EU), the United States (USA), and Japan and the major developing countries led and represented mainly by Brazil, China, India, South Korea, and South Africa. There is also considerable contention against and between the EU and the USA over their maintenance of agricultural subsidies—seen to operate effectively as trade barriers. Notes 8. supply and demand 供求关系 Supply and demand is an economic model of price determination in a market. It concludes that in a competitive market, the unit price for a particular good will vary until it settles at a point where the quantity demanded by consumers (at current price) will equal the quantity supplied by producers (at current price), resulting in an economic equilibrium of price and quantity. The four basic laws of supply and de