汉英翻译技巧课件钟书能 ISBN9787566304049 PPT06.ppt

一、导读 时体转换是汉译英常见的难题之一。汉语具有很强的泛时性，以汉语为母语的人，在长期的语言学习中获得了一种“尽在不言中”的超时空语感：它既是模糊的、凌虚的，又是实在的、连贯的，言者无需点明，听者不必追寻；它介乎逻辑与悟性之间，时、体、态似乎都意在言外（刘宓庆2006：361）。要把汉语的泛时性转换成为英语的定时性，译者不仅要明确汉英时体表达方式的特点和差异，更要认真研读范文，仔细揣摩名家们在汉英时体转换过程中使用的原则和技巧。 《围城》是中国现代文学史上一部风格独特的讽刺小说，作者钱钟书以喜剧性的讽刺笔调，刻画了抗战环境下中国一部分知识分子的彷徨和空虚。文中有对世态人情的精微观察，也有高超的心理描写艺术。Jeanne Kelly和茅国权的译本是至今公认的佳作，其中的时体翻译既考虑了汉英对应表达手段的合理运用，又兼顾相关语境的语用规范，在摆脱语言形式约束的同时注重对意义的准确传达，游刃有余地实现了汉语泛时性向英语定时性的转换。仔细对照《围城》英译有助于我们提高汉英时体转换的运用技巧。 Fortress Besieged (abridged)by Qian Zhongshu THE RED SEA had long since been crossed, and the ship was now on its way over the Indian Ocean; but as always the sun mercilessly rose early and set late, encroaching upon the better part of the night. The night, like paper soaked in oil, had become translucent. Locked in the embrace of the sun, the night’s own form was indiscernible. Perhaps it had become intoxicated by the sun, which would explain why the night sky remained flushed long after the gradual fading of the rosy sunset. By the time the ruddiness dissipated and the night itself awoke from its stupor, the passengers in their cabins had awakened, glistening with sweat; after bathing, they hurried out on deck to catch the ocean breeze. Another day had begun. It was toward the end of July, equivalent to the “sanfu” period of the lunar calendar—the hottest days of the year. In China the heat was even more oppressive than usual. Later everyone agreed the unusual heat was a portent of troops and arms, for it was the twenty-sixth year of the Republic (1937). Fortress Besieged (abridged)by Qian Zhongshu The French liner, the Vicomte de Bragelonne, was on its way to China. Some time after eight in the morning, the third-class deck, still damp from swabbing, was already filled with passengers standing and sitting about-the French, Jewish refugees from Germany, the Indians, the Vietnamese, and needless to say, the Chinese. The ocean breeze carried with it an arid heat; the scorching wind