世界贸易组织WTO课件规则解读中英版栾信杰 ISBN9787566308696 WTO专题概述.ppt

2 第一章　WTO概述 WTO Headquarters 一、WTO的定义 世界贸易组织(WTO)是唯一处理不同国家之间贸易规则的全球性组织。它的核心内容是由诸多参加世界贸易的国家谈判、签署并经其国会批准的一系列WTO协定。WTO的目标是帮助商品和服务的生产商、出口商和进口商进行商业活动。[1]  [1] What is WTO? Available at /english/thewto-e/whatis-e/whatis-e.htm The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. At its heart are the WTO agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world’s trading nations and ratified in their parliaments. The goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business. Add. Essentially, the WTO is a place where member governments go, to try to sort out the trade problems they face with each other. But the WTO is not just about liberalizing trade, and in some circumstances its rules support maintaining trade barriers — for example to protect consumers or prevent the spread of disease. (/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/tif_tncpic_e.htm) 二、特点 1、WTO是一个国际经济组织，所规范的是商业行为，原则上并不涉及意识形态问题； 2、WTO是依其一揽子协定规则来运作的，这些规则是WTO核心组成部分； 3、WTO主要以商品和服务为管辖客体，在WTO规则中与商品和服务有关的贸易规则占有极其重要的地位。 三、WTO管辖范围 WTO通过所达成的协定为成员国之间处理贸易关系提供共同的制度框架和WTO协定文件中所规定的法律手段。 须说明的是，WTO“多边贸易协定”(Multilateral Trade Agreements）对所有成员国都具有拘束力；“接受才生效的诸边贸易协定”(Plurilateral Trade Agreements）对于那些尚未接受它们的国家则既不产生权利，也不产生义务。 四、WTO 目标和宗旨　 Cont’d 5.? Seeking both to protect and preserve the environment and to enhance the means for doing so in a manner consistent with their respective needs and concerns at different levels of economic development; 6. Ensuring that developing countries, and especially the least developed among them, secure a share in the growth in international trade commensurate with the needs of their economic development. 　WTO的目标 1、提高生活水平； 2、保证充分就业和实际收入与有效需求的大幅度地稳定增长； 3、扩大商品与服务的生产和贸易； 4、允许根据可持续发展目标合理地利用世界资源； 5、与各国不同的经济发展水平所决定的各自需求与关注的问题相一致寻求保护和维持环境，并改进保护和维持环境的方法； 6、保证发展中国家，特别是它们中间的最不发达国家在国际贸易增长中获得与他们的经济发展需要相适应的份额。 WTO 宗旨 Raising standards of living, ensuring full employment and a large and steadi