英汉汉英口译基础教程课件孙亚主编 ISBN9787811344998 技巧2 口译理解.pptVIP

英汉汉英口译基础教程 口译基础知识与技巧2 口译理解 正确的理解是口译成功的前提，而正确理解又依赖我们的听辨能力。 预测与听辨的基础是译员的语境知识，包括语言知识(linguistics knowledge)和语言外知识(extralinguistic knowledge)。 语言知识指对所用语言的知识以及对上下文的理解。 语言外知识是关于客观世界的常识、背景知识和关于交际场合的知识，如交际的主题、时间、地点等。这种宏观预测可以帮助译员获得说话的中心内容、交际意图、语体风格等。 1. 预测词语搭配 语言知识可以帮助判断从一个词语预测出另一个位置可能出现的词语。 随着中国综合国力的____和国际地位的_____，中国在国际舞台上越来越令人瞩目。 预测词语搭配 The United States and China have made great progress in building a relationship that can ____ the challenges of our time, _____ global prosperity and _____ the cause of peace. 译员的素质 2.预测主要成分 从语篇的上下文中预测出说话人将要表达的信息，从而获得相应的语言表达方式及主要成分，如主语部分、谓语部分。 神州5号的发射是一次壮举，它显示了中国的太空科技已经__________。 3. 预测表达方式 语言知识还可以帮助译员迅速找到相应的目的语表达方式，从而调整好口译时目的语的语序。 4. 预测生词难词 Through the United Nations, we are working together to preserve peace; to outlaw weapons that kill and maim indiscriminately. Though the United Nations, we are working together to defeat AIDS and other epidemics. 在预测和听辨的基础上要进行逻辑分析。首先，要区别主要信息和次要信息。辨别发言的主题句。 其次，要理清信息点之间的关系，如总分关系、分总关系、对比关系、并列关系、因果关系、提出问题解决问题关系、时间顺序关系、空间顺序关系等等。 Eg.The relations between America and Europe have rarely been so bad. Even as they fight side-by-side against Serbia, they are taking aim at each other across the Atlantic. They are embroiled in a battle over hormone-treated beef. They are at loggerheads over genetically modified crops. They have fallen out over noisy aircraft, mobile telephones and data privacy. They are coming to blows over aerospace subsidies and champagne. And they have yet to patch up their split over bananas. Eg. Think back upon the situation when you get a cold. Since you get a cold, you do not do well in your work. As a result you will suffer from a great pressure. Because you are under pressure, your illness will become worse. * * *