大学会计英语课件陈庆柏 主编978 7 81134 917 7unit 8.ppt

4.2 Classification of Accounting Information — Reporting Information The basic reporting information that is produced is the Trading and Profit and Loss Account, the Balance Sheet, and the Source and Application of Funds Statement. 8.5 Major Factors Causing Changes in Management Accounting Shift from a manufacturing-based economy to a service-based economy. In the U.S. service sector accounts almost 80% of the total employment, Increased global competition caused by global economic integration, and Advance in technology. 8.6 Management Accounting in Service and Non-profit Organizations The basic ideas of management accounting were developed in manufacturing organizations. These ideas, however, have evolved so that they apply to all types of organizations including service organizations. Service organizations, for our purposes, are all organizations other than manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers. That is, they are organizations that do not make or sell tangible goods. Public accounting firms, law firms, management consultants, real estate firms, transportation companies, banks, insurance companies, and hotels are all profit-seeking service organizations. 8.6 Management Accounting in Service and Non-profit Organizations Almost all non-profit organizations, such as hospitals, schools, libraries, museums, and government agencies, are service organizations. Managers and accountants in non-profit organizations have much in common with their counterparts in profit-seeking organizations. There is money to be raised and spent. There are budgets to be prepared and control systems to be designed and implemented. There is an obligation to use resources wisely. If used intelligently, accounting contributes to efficient operations and helps non-profit organizations achieve their objectives. 8.6 Management Accounting in Service and Non-profit Organizations Non-profit service organization has the following characteristics: (1) Labor is intensive. The highest proport