应用化学专业英语 教学课件 ppt 作者 黄忠 谢普会 付颖 主编lesson 21.ppt

Introduction to principles of chemical engineering Lesson 21 一、教学内容：通过对本单元的学习，掌握化学工程的相关基本词汇，了解化学工程的发展历史，并掌握相关化学工程英语的翻译技巧。 二、本章节参考文献： From /wiki/ Chemical engineering Introduction Chemical engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with the application of physical science (e.g. chemistry and physics), and life sciences (e.g. biology, microbiology and biochemistry) with mathematics, to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms. chemical engineering microbiology convert In addition to producing useful materials, modern chemical engineering is also concerned with pioneering valuable new materials and techniques - such as nanotechnology, fuel cells and biomedical engineering. 除了生产有用的材料，现代化学工程还关切开拓有价值的新材料和技术，如纳米技术，燃料电池和生物医学工程 。 History of chemical engineering During the years 1873 to 1876 at Yale University, American mathematical physicist Josiah Willard Gibbs, the first to be awarded a Ph.D. in engineering in the U.S., in a series of three papers, developed a mathematical-based, graphical methodology, for the study of chemical systems using the thermodynamics of Clausius. mathematical physicist  mathematical-based  graphical methodology  In 1882, German physicist Hermann von Helmholtz, published a founding thermodynamics paper, similar to Gibbs, but with more of an electrochemical basis, in which he showed that measure of chemical determined by the measure of the free energy of the reaction process. 句中的which指 free energy Applications The chemical industry scope manufactures inorganic and organic industrial chemicals, ceramics, fuels and petrochemicals, agrochemicals (fertilizers, insecticides, herbicides), plastics and elastomers, oleochemicals, explosives, detergents and detergent products (soap, shampoo, cleaning fluids), fragrances and flavors, additives, dietary supplements and pharma