应用化学专业英语 教学课件 ppt 作者 黄忠 谢普会 付颖 主编lesson 3 periodic table.ppt

5 Alkaline Earth Metals They are never found uncombined in nature. They have two valence electrons. Alkaline earth metals include magnesium and calcium, among others. Transition Metals Transition Elements include those elements in the B families. These are the metals you are probably most familiar: copper, tin, zinc, iron, nickel, gold, and silver. They are good conductors of heat and electricity. Transition Metals The compounds of transition metals are usually brightly colored and are often used to color paints. Transition elements have 1 or 2 valence electrons, which they lose when they form bonds with other atoms. Some transition elements can lose electrons in their next-to-outermost level. Transition Elements Transition elements have properties similar to one another and to other metals, but their properties do not fit in with those of any other family. Many transition metals combine chemically with oxygen to form compounds called oxides. Boron Family The Boron Family is named after the first element in the family. Atoms in this family have 3 valence electrons. This family includes a metalloid (boron), and the rest are metals. This family includes the most abundant metal in the earth’s crust (aluminum). Carbon Family Atoms of this family have 4 valence electrons. This family includes a non-metal (carbon), metalloids, and metals. The element carbon is called the “basis of life.” There is an entire branch of chemistry devoted to carbon compounds called organic chemistry. Nitrogen Family The nitrogen family is named after the element that makes up 78% of our atmosphere. This family includes non-metals, metalloids, and metals. Atoms in the nitrogen family have 5 valence electrons. They tend to share electrons when they bond. Other elements in this family are phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth. Oxygen Family Atoms of this family have 6 valence electrons. Most elements in this family share electrons when forming compounds. Oxygen is the most abundant elemen