应用化学专业英语 教学课件 ppt 作者 黄忠 谢普会 付颖 主编lesson 15.ppt

Introduction to Biochemistry * lesson15 What is Biochemistry ? Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes in living organisms. It deals with the structure and function of cellular components such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomolecules. Biochemistry studies the chemical properties of important biological molecules, like proteins, and in particular the chemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. * Originally, it was generally believed that life was not subject to the laws of science the way non-life was. It was thought that only living beings could produce the molecules of life (from other, previously existing biomolecules). * History of Biochemistry History of Biochemistry Then, in 1828, Friedrich W?hler published a paper on the synthesis of urea, proving that organic compounds can be created artificially. * Friedrich W?hler Urea was synthesized by heating the inorganic compound ammonium cyanate. The dawn of biochemistry may have been the discovery of the first enzyme, diastase (today called amylase), in 1833 by Anselme Payen. * French chemist born Jan. 6, 1795, Paris, France died May 12, 1871, Paris French chemist who made important contributions to industrial chemistry and discovered cellulose, a basic constituent of plant cells. History of Biochemistry Anselme Payen Eduard Buchner contributed the first demonstration of a complex biochemical process outside of a cell in 1896: alcoholic fermentation in cell extracts of yeast. * A Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry in 1907 for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation. Eduard Buchner Germany History of Biochemistry Although the term “biochemistry” seems to have been first used in 1882, it is generally accepted that the formal coinage of biochemistry occurred in 1903 by Carl Neuberg, a German chemist. * Carl Alexander Neuberg (1877-1956) was an early pioneer in biochemistry, and often ref