凤凰国际英语托福写作how_to_write_summary_2.ppt

Integrated Writing  How to Write Summary 写摘要 托福写作自我训练方法 1 精读 仔细阅读范文，欣赏并标出精彩的用词和句型，体会上下文中表达的精妙，提高对精彩语言的敏感度，要多写，多记。 2 背诵 背精彩词汇，背精彩句型，背精彩句子，背精彩框架，背精彩段落，通过背诵完成从欣赏到掌握的过程，别人的变成自己的。 3 默写 将背过的句子，段落默写下来，检查核对，看看是否精确掌握了每一个词汇。Reading makes a full man writing makes an exact man 4 效仿 在范文中学到的单词，词组，句型，框架放在新的语境下模仿创作，造句写作。在新的作文中保留一定闪光点。 A proverb: our slogan Reading makes a full man writing makes an exact man. Writing a good summary demonstrates that you clearly understand a text and that you can communicate that understanding to your readers. Input --- output (compressed) A summary can be tricky to write at first because it’s tempting to include too much or too little information. Steps Read the text carefully. Determine its structure, and identify the author’s purpose. You need to read it more than once to understand it completely and accurately. 2. Locate the topic sentence and other main points. You can underline or highlight key words. 3. Paraphrase the main points in your own words. Make sure that you are faithful to the meaning of the original text. You should never include your opinion. 4. Use the present tense. 5. At the beginning of the summary, cite the author and name of the work, it any. 6. Include verbs indicating the source of a statement. For example, The author says/states/contends/argues/etc Example Because of their diversity, seven separate groupings or divisions of algae have been established by botanists. Key words: seven separate groups/argue/botanists --- Botanists have classified algae into seven types. (summary 1) --- Botanically, there are seven types of algae. (summary 2) Example 2 One way to fight global warming is to raise the gasoline tax. Raising this tax would make it more expensive for people to drive. The desired effect would be for people to drive less and try to conserve more gas. This would result in less gasoline being burned and, in turn, less damage being done