英语语言文化史4.ppt

A Cultural History of the English Language IV -- Early Modern English ;Catalyser of the English Evolution Linguistic Development Orthography King James Bible Shakespeares Language Literary Achievement ;Introduction of the Printing Press;Origin of Printing;First printing press in England 1476;Consequences of the printing press;It is well to observe the force and virtue and consequence of inventions, and these are nowhere to be seen nowhere more conspicuously than in those three which were unknown to the ancients, and of which the origins, though recent, are obscure and inglorious; namely, printing, gunpowder, and the magnet. For these three have changed the whole face and state of things throughout the world. -- Francis Bacon ; * HENRY VIII (r. 1509-1547), establishment of Church of England, incorporation of Wales ;ELIZABETH I (r. 1558-1603), defeat of the Armada 1588, begins period of colonial expansion *; JAMES I (VI of Scotland) (r. 1603-1625), patron of King James Bible ; CIVIL WAR, 1642, royalists vs. parlamentarians, execution of Charles I (1625-1649) OLIVER CROMWELL, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth (1653-1658) RESTORATION, Charles II (1660-1685) ACT OF SETTLEMENT (1701), provision by Parliament for throne to be transferred to German house of Hanover in the event of no heirs from William III or Queen Anne; ACT OF UNION (1707), England and Scotland united to form Great Britain * GEORGE I (r. 1714-1727), great grandson of James I, could not speak English, begins Hanover dynasty (five kings) which ended with Queen Victoria * GEORGE III (r. 1760-1820), independence of American colonies 1783, beginning of industrial revolution, eventual insanity of king * WAR WITH FRANCE (1789-1815), English against French revolution and later Napoleon I, emperor of France (1804-1814), English victories by Nelson at Trafalgar 1806 and finally by Wellington at Waterloo 1815, Napol