现代大学英语第三册 课文详解中英文对照.ppt

Lesson 8;Part 1 (paras. 1— ) about: Part 2 (paras. ) about: Part 3 (paras. ) about: Part 4 (para. ) about: ;Part I (1-7):Clashing definitions of humanity;People no longer admit that every person has a free will to decide what to do or not to do, and therefore should not be responsible for their actions or behavior. The author is referring to the behaviorist theory that human behavior is a response to external stimulation, and therefore is genes-determined. In this sense human beings have no free will; they are all victims of these external causes as a group. 人们不再承认自己都具有自由意志或责任。每个人都是某种因果关系的产物。个体不复存在，只有团体中的牺牲者。 ;;; You know the final excuse that really gets my full quivering attention? Its when callers protest that they are only human. ONLY human? As if one’s humanness were a blueprint for instinctive, reflexive reactions to situations, like the rest of the animal kingdom. (2);humanity / humanness / human nature;;;;而凯瑟琳·赫本饰演的传教士罗斯却盯着《圣经》巧妙地反驳道：“上帝创造人类，并置我们于万物之上。” This view has its religious implication which bases moral principles on the authority of the Bible.;Para. 4-7; And it is largely with the 3 Cs that we accomplish that. The 3 Cs are Character, Courage, and Conscience, without which we are merely gigantic ants instinctively filling out our biologically determined destiny. (4); While natural selection did have its effects in shaping our minds and feelings, there is something special about the human mind which can make us go beyond selfish actions, though we are not always willing to do so, actions that can only be explained by the need for survival. “自然选择” 的确塑造了我们的思想和感情，而人类思想中更有一种特殊的东西使我们能够——也许并非总是情愿的——采取额外的行动超越某种只在“适者生存” 或“惟我生存”的基础上才有意义的行为。 Views of social Darwinists: we judge our actions only on the principle of the survival of the fittest. ;survival of the fittest;survival of the fittest;Theory of Evolution;Darwinism is a term used for various movements or concepts related to ideas of transmutation (变形,转变) of species or evolution,