皮亚杰和维果茨基比较研究.ppt

Cognitive Development: A Comparative Research on Piaget’s Theory and Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Viewpoint Content The Process of Cognitive Development The Role of Language in Cognitive Development Change Agents in Cognitive Development Conclusion and Application The Process of Cognitive Development--Piaget What is cognitive development?Cognitive development is defined as thinking, problem solving, concept understanding, information processing and overall intelligence. What is Intelligence? According to Piaget, it is a basic life function that enables an organism to adapt to its environment. All intellectual activity is undertaken with one goal in mind-cognitive equilibrium Piaget described children as constructivist The Process of Cognitive Development--Piaget Keywords explained: Scheme is a term used by Piaget to describe the models, or mental structures, that we create to represent ,organize, and interpret our experiences. Cognitive Schemes: the structure of intelligence Organization is the process by which children combine existing schemes into new and more complex intellectual structures. Adaptation is an inborn tendency to adjust to the demands of the environment. The goal of adaptation is to adjust to the environment; this occurs through assimilation and accommodation. Assimilation is the process of interpreting new experiences by incorporating them into existing schemes. Accommodation is the process of modifying existing schemes in order to incorporate or adapt to new experiences. The Process of Cognitive Development--Piaget Piagetian Concept Example Equilibrium Toddler who has never seen anything fly but birds thinks that all flying objects are birds Assimilation Start Seeing an airplane flying prompts the child to call it a birdie Accommodation Child experiences conflict upon realizing that the new birdie has no feathers. Concludes it is not a bird and asks for the proper term or i