研究生英语学术写作.ppt

4. 文体特征 学术写作的突出特征就是选用更加正式的词汇 1) 动词 学术英语写作中通常使用单一动词 3) 正规的语法风格 (1) 一般来讲避免使用略缩词 (2) 使用更为适宜的正规的否定形式 (3) 限制使用多个词连用的表达法 (4) 避免向读者说“你” (5) 使用直接引语时需谨慎 (6) 将副词放于动词词组内 (7) 考虑是否该使用割裂不定式 (8)目的是为了有效地使用词汇 Key to Exercise on P. 11 1. This model can be used to analyze the effects of several parameter changes. 2. Coffee prices have fallen for many reasons. 3. The difference between these two approaches to designing underground subway station can clearly be seen. 4. Recent research has shown that the arms are commonly used for protection during a fall to the ground 5. To date, no comprehensive study has examined the role of smiling in gaining the initial trust of individual. 6. Some studies have concluded that bamboo could be more widely used than it is now as a construction material. 7. These special tax laws have been enacted in six mid western states: Illinois, Iowa, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, and Minnesota. 8. Little research has been done on the use of oil palm shell as coarse aggregate in the production of concrete. 5. 表达连贯 Key to Exercise on P. 12 For example; because; because of this; so that; more…than…; However 1) 连接词与词组 Key to Exercise on P. 13 A. sentence 2: For example sentence 4: While / Although sentence 6: therefore ; hence / thus B. sentence 2: however ; thus sentence 3: while / whereas sentence 4: Although / Even though sentence 6: For example 2) this + 总结性词汇 Key to Exercise on P. 15 1. b. d. 2. a. 3. d. Key to Exercise on P. 15 1. view 2. finding 3. problem 4. process 5. disruption 6. situation 7. method / approach 8. conclusion 9. phenomenon 10. trend / tendency 6. 宣讲 1）考虑你的书面文字材料的总体格式 2） 校对疏忽大意所造成的语法错误 3） 即便是你已经检查了你的文本材料，也 要检查其中的词汇拼写错误 第二章: 学术写作的两个基本结构 （1）泛论-特指(GS) （2）问题-过程-解决方法(PS) 1.泛论-特指文本写作 for three reasons GS文本通常以下列一种形式开始 1. 简短或拓展定义 2. 对比或比较定义 3. 一般化或目标性陈述 4. 事实陈述 Key to E