商务英语——会计学Accounting.ppt

4.1 Shot-term Solvency 短期偿债能力 Current Ratio = total current assets / total current liabilities 流动比率 =流动资产总额/流动负债总额 Shot-term Solvency Quick Ratio = quick/ total current liabilities 速动比率 =速动资产/流动负债总额 Ratios of short-term solvency measure the ability of the firm to pay its current bills. 短期偿债能力比率衡量企业支付其短期债务的能力。 4.2 Activity 营运能力 Ratios of activity are constructed to measure how effectively the firm’s assets are being managed. The level of a firm’s investment in assets depends on many factors, such as seasonal, cyclical, and industry considerations. 营运能力比率用来衡量公司资产管理的效率。公司资产投资的水平依赖于很多的因素，例如季节性、循环性以及行业因素。 Total Asset Turnover 总资产周转率 Inventory Turnover 存货周转率 Activity 营运能力 Receivable Turnover 应收账款周转率 Total asset turnover = total operating revenue / total average assets The ratio measures how efficiently a firm is utilizing its assets. If the asset turnover ratio is high, the film is using its assets effectively in generating sales. If the ratio is low, the firm may not be using its assets efficiently and should either increase sales or eliminate some of the existing assets. 总资产周转率=总收入/平均总资产 这个比率是衡量公司资产的利用效率。如果资产周转率很高，意味着对资产的利用很有效果；如果这个比率低，意味着该公司没能有效的利用资产，或者应该增加销售额和变卖一部分现存的资产。 应收账款周转率=总收入/应收账款 应收账款周转天数=周期天数（365）/应收账款周转率 这两个比率描述的是公司对应收账款的管理是否成功。他们反映公司信用政策的效果。 Receivable turnover = total operating revenues / receivable (average) Average collection period = days in period / receivable turnover There two ratios depict the success of the firm in managing its investment in accounts receivable. They reflect the effectiveness of the firm’s credit policy. 存货周转率=营业成本/存货 存货周转天数=周期天数（365）/存货周转率 存货周转率描述的是存货从原材料生产到销售的速度。 Inventory turnover = cost of goods sold / inventory (average) Days in inventory = days in period / inventory turnover The inventory ratios measure how quickly inventory is produced from raw materials and sold to customers. 4.3 Financial Leverage 财务杠杆 财务杠杆是关于一个公司依赖债务而不是股权融资的程度。财务杠杆的计算被用于决定一个公司可能违反债务合同的可能性。 Financial leverage is related to the extent to which a