定语从句-2010年专升本-英语复习.pptVIP

Grammar The Attributive Clause 定语从句 定语从句及其相关概念; 关系代词引导的定语从句; 关系副词引导的定语从句; 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句 定语从句及其相关概念 定语从句定义： 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。 例如： The man who lives next to us sells vegetables. The fish which we bought were not fresh. 定语从句所修饰的词叫 “先行词”，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”。 关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。 常用的关系代词有: who/whom(指人)，whose(指人的或物的),which(指物) ,that(指人或物)。关系代词在从句中做主语,宾语和定语。 关系副词有:when(指时间),where(指地点),why(指原因)。 关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用。 The story that you read is The Rescue. 由关系代词引导的定语从句 I. That 在从句中作主语或宾语 1.指物 The plane is a machine that can fly. The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. 2.指人 Let’s ask the man that is reading the book over there. The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Jim’s sister. II. Which 在从句中作主语或宾语(指物） They planted the trees which didn’t need much water. The fish (which) we bought were not fresh. III. Who, whom 在从句中作主语和宾语（指人） The foreigner who visited out school yesterday is from Canada. The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. 由 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1.在英语里，把介词放在关系代词前的用法更加正式。通常情况下介词放在关系代词和动词的后面。 2. 关系代词的介词的选用，必须依据从句中谓语动词的搭配，先行词的需要，或者句子所要表达的全部意义来确定。 The ladder on which I was standing began to slip. 我站的那个梯子开始滑动。（stand 与 on 搭配） This is the factory in which my father worked ten years. (in 与 the factory搭配） 试把下面的两个句子合成一个句子。 1.We stayed at the hotel. The hotel was near the station. The hotel we stayed was near the station. The station where we stayed was near the station. 2. I talked to a friendly old man. The man was Chinese. The man I talked to was Chinese. The man I talked was Chinese. 3. I looked at the painting. The painting was painted by Vincent van Gogh. The painting I looked was painted by Vincent van Gogh. IV. whose 在从句中作定语(指人也能指物） Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week. The bike whose brake was damaged has been now repaired. 注： 1)that 和which在从句中作主语时，不能省略；作宾语时，在口语和非正式文体中经常省略。Whom也常可省略。 The plane is a machine that can fly. 2) 关系代词whom，which在从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间