浙大必威体育精装版化工原理课件-post+1+Chemical介绍.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 许宜铭 玉泉8-404 Prof. Yiming Xu, Ph.D Tel:+86-571Fax:+86-571xuym@css.zju.edu.cn General Chemistry What is the Chemistry? The Structure, Composition and Property of matter, and the Changes It Undergoes. 分析化学 Anal.Chem. 物理化学 Phys.Chem. 化学 Chemistry 无机化学 Inorg.Chem. 有机化学 Org.Chem. Why we need to take the Chemistry ? It is a request of your university degree. It is a central science of modern life. Energy, Materials, Environment, Life Science future ? (solar energy, nuclear fission…? consumed up in about 50-100 years ? ! fossil fuels ? (coal, petroleum, and natural gas) Crisis in Energy Computer: Silicon chips Molecular computer Waste Emission Control and Remediation Green Science and Technologies Medicine diseases Food fertilizer, pesticides, herbicides ? Ask yourself if you really understand. ? Think of the world friendly and critically. How to study the Chemistry? Chemistry is a science of Experiment. Observation Representation Interpretation qualitative and quantitative macroscopic and microscopic Great discovery is the result of cumulative contributions. The chance favors only the prepared and experienced mind. 1.4 Three States of Matter 1.5 solid liquid gas K = 0C + 273.15 Comparison of Temperature Scale Handling data In chemistry are often used the following units. mass: g (gram) 1 g = 1 x 10-3 kg volume: cm3 or dm3 1 dm3 = 1000 cm3 = 1000 mL= 1L = 1 x 10-3 m3 temperature: K (Kelvin scale) ? K = oC + 273.15 How many significant figures are in each of the following measurements? 24 mL 2 significant figures 3001 g 4 significant figures 0.0320 m3 3 significant figures 6.4 x 104 molecules 2 significant figures 560 kg 3 or 2 significant figures (need more information) 1.8 Addition or Subtraction 89.332 1.1 + 90.432 3.70 -2.9133 0.7867 round off to 0.79 Mult