托福基础语法(1).ppt

托福基础语法 国外部 史月 什么是语法 (Grammar)？ 语言的章法 课程安排 宏观 写作 阅读 微观——7333 七种句子成分 三种句子类型 三大类从句 三种特殊句型 句子的七种成分 句子的七种成分 主谓宾 定状补 同位语 句子的核心——谓语 谓语 什么词性可以作谓语？ 一个简单句中谓语动词的个数？ 造句：有许多同学都想出国 有——there be 许多同学——many students 都想出国——want to go abroad. There are many students want to go abroad. There are many students wanting to go abroad. There are many students who want to go abroad. 造句——广告类作文 在许多地方性的报纸和国家发行的报纸上都有关于假期的广告和信息。 地方性的——local 国家的—— national There are advertisements and information about holidays on many local and national newspapers. Many local and national newspapers carry advertisements and information about holidays. 时 态 动词在不同时间下的“变态” 一般 进行 完成 完成进行 现在 do am/is/are doing have /has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done X 将来 will do will be doing will have done X 过去将来 X X X X 一般现在时态 目前存在的状态、性质 太空探索是崇高的理想。 Space exploration is a high ideal. 一般现在时态 2. 经常发生的动作、习惯 网上学习只提供了与机器的交流。 E-learning; interaction E-learning only provide interactions with a machine. E-learning only provides interactions with a machine. 一般现在时态 3. 客观真理、客观存在 哥伦布证明了地球是圆的。 Columbus proved that the earth was round. Columbus proved that the earth is round. 一般过去时态 表示在过去时间里发生过的事情。 主语+ v过去式 一般过去时态 大众以往只从包括报纸、杂志、电视、收音机等传统媒体中获取信息。 used to obtain the public ；traditional media The public used to obtain information merely from traditional media, including newspaper, magazines, TV and radio. 一般过去时态 It is high/about time that …did… 现在是……时候了 现在是电子书籍完全取代纸质书籍的时候了。 It is about time that electronic books completely replaced paper books. 现在是政府和普通市民联合起来保护日益恶化的环境的时候了。 join together/ join hand in hand / deteriorating It is high time that the government and common people joined hand in hand to protect the deteriorating environment. 一般将来时 表示将要发生的事情 shall/will + v. be going to/ be about to 一般将来时 地球有一天将会不适合人类居住。 be suitable for Mankind / human beings The earth will not be suitabl